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<title>New York Emmy Awards  RSS Feed</title>
<itunes:subtitle>New York Emmy Awards</itunes:subtitle>
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<itunes:author>New York Emmy Awards</itunes:author>
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<pubDate>Sun, 20 May 2012 07:42:12 GMT</pubDate>
		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/560</link>

			<title>Play Reading Hosted by Arlene Dahl on 21-May-12 5:30 PM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/560&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;Play Reading Hosted by Arlene Dahl&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120521T213000Z&quot;&gt;21-May-12 5:30 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120522T000000Z&quot;&gt;21-May-12 8:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;h2&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PLAY READING Hosted by Arlene Dahl &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;h2&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Damn Everything But The Circus&amp;rdquo; - A Musical&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;Book by Stephanie Braxton.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;Music and Lyrics by Anne Phillips.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;Musical Direction by Matt Perri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;span _fck_bookmark=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Date: Monday, May 21, 2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Time: 5:30 p.m. Reception, 6:00 p.m. Program&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Location: Midtown&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 128, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For reservations and location information please call 212-459-3630, ext. 204. Reservations are required. Leave your name, the name of your guest and a return telephone number.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 128, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NO EMAIL RESERVATIONS WILL BE ACCEPTED.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Event produced by Ellen Muir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/560</guid>

			<pubDate>Mon, 21 May 2012 21:30:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/577</link>

			<title>Professional Development Workshop on 22-May-12 6:00 PM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/577&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;Professional Development Workshop&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120522T220000Z&quot;&gt;22-May-12 6:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120523T000000Z&quot;&gt;22-May-12 8:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;h2&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Professional Development Workshop with Jim Arnoff&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Date: Tuesday, May 22, 2012 &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Time: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6:00 PM &amp;ndash; 8:00 PM&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Location: NY NATAS, 1375 Broadway (between 37&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;and 38&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;Streets), Suite 2103 (21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt;Floor)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topic: &lt;/strong&gt;&amp;ldquo;On-Air Talent Coaching Workshop: Taking Your Career to the Next Level and Beyond&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Hear the agent&#39;s take on packaging your talents, expanding your on-air role and creating programming that best showcases your talent in this interactive workshop lead by Television/Web Packaging Agent and Certified Career Coach Jim Arnoff. Get the insider&#39;s tips on developing a powerful on-air brand, how to set yourself apart and the key steps in breaking big.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 128, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESERVATIONS REQUIRED DUE TO BUILDING SECURITY. ALL NAMES MUST BE ON GUEST LIST.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 128, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Please RSVP via email at &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;mailto:info@nyemmys.org&quot; title=&quot;blocked::mailto:info@nyemmys.org&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;info@nyemmys.org&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;or call &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;212-459-3630 ext. 200. FREE for all attendees!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Workshop produced by Jacqueline J. Gonzalez.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;adr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;street-address&quot;&gt;1375 Broadway, Suite 2103&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;locality&quot;&gt;New York&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span class=&quot;region&quot;&gt;NY&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;postal-code&quot;&gt;10018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/577</guid>

			<pubDate>Tue, 22 May 2012 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/579</link>

			<title>Midmorning Exchange on 30-May-12 9:30 AM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/579&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;Midmorning Exchange&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120530T133000Z&quot;&gt;30-May-12 9:30 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120530T150000Z&quot;&gt;30-May-12 11:00 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;h2&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Midmorning Exchange&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wednesday, May 30, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2012 ~ 9:30 &amp;ndash; 11:00 AM&lt;br&gt;
		NY NATAS Office &amp;ndash; 1375 Broadway (between 37&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;and 38&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;Streets), 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt;floor, Suite 2103&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Richard Maxwell &lt;/strong&gt;&amp;ndash; Professor/Chair of the Department of Media Studies at Queens College (CUNY). Co-author of the just released book &amp;ldquo;Greening the Media&amp;rdquo; which explores the environmental impact of media technology. He will just have returned from a speaking engagement in Trondheim, Norway.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;*In a drawing one attendee will win a copy of Mr. Maxwell&#39;s book.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 128, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PLEASE RSVP VIA EMAIL &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:openWin('/WorldClient.dll?Session=VBIOCFE&amp;amp;View=Compose&amp;amp;New=Yes&amp;amp;To=info@nyemmys.org','Compose',800,600,'yes');&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;info@nyemmys.org&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;OR PHONE 212-459-3630, ext. 204.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Event produced by Ellen Muir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;adr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;street-address&quot;&gt;1375 Broadway, Suite 2103&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;locality&quot;&gt;New York&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span class=&quot;region&quot;&gt;NY&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;postal-code&quot;&gt;10018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/579</guid>

			<pubDate>Wed, 30 May 2012 13:30:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/576</link>

			<title>Midmorning Exchange on 6-Jun-12 9:30 AM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/576&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;Midmorning Exchange&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120606T133000Z&quot;&gt;6-Jun-12 9:30 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120606T150000Z&quot;&gt;6-Jun-12 11:00 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;h2&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Midmorning Exchange&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wednesday, June 6, &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2012 ~ 9:30 &amp;ndash; 11:00 AM&lt;br&gt;
		NY NATAS Office &amp;ndash; 1375 Broadway (between 37&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;and 38&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;Streets), 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt;floor, Suite 2103&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Writing For Today&amp;rsquo;s Media &amp;ndash; Part 3&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Join us for coffee and conversation with George Lefferts. Mr. Lefferts, a six-time Emmy&amp;reg; Award Winner is a writer/producer/journalist/composer who has written thousands of radio and television shows broadcast in all day parts on all networks. Among his other awards are two Golden Globes, a Producers Guild Award, the Albert Lasker Medical Award and the National Media Award. He has written and produced major motion pictures. His publications have included eight plays, two thrillers, a memoir and an award winning weekly newspaper column.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;You are invited to bring with you an original script in the form of a love letter &amp;ndash; maximum four pages, maximum four characters &amp;ndash; several examples will be read aloud.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 205);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;**ALL participants must be NY NATAS members in good standing to participate.**&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 128, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PLEASE RSVP VIA EMAIL &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;javascript:openWin('/WorldClient.dll?Session=VBIOCFE&amp;amp;View=Compose&amp;amp;New=Yes&amp;amp;To=info@nyemmys.org','Compose',800,600,'yes');&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;info@nyemmys.org&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;OR PHONE 212-459-3630, ext. 204.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Event produced by Ellen Muir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;adr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;street-address&quot;&gt;1375 Broadway&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;locality&quot;&gt;New York&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span class=&quot;region&quot;&gt;NY&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;postal-code&quot;&gt;10018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/576</guid>

			<pubDate>Wed, 06 Jun 2012 13:30:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/580</link>

			<title>Meet the Filmmaker on 7-Jun-12 6:00 PM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/580&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;Meet the Filmmaker&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120607T220000Z&quot;&gt;7-Jun-12 6:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120608T000000Z&quot;&gt;7-Jun-12 8:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;h2&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Meet the Filmmaker: Sumner Glimcher&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
	&lt;h2&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;ldquo;Art Films&amp;rdquo;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Date: Thursday, June 7, 2012&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Location: NY NATAS, 1375 Broadway (between 37&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;and 38&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;Streets), Suite 2103&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reception: 6:00-6:30 PM ~ Program: 6:30-8:00 PM&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;*Free to NY NATAS Members! &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;$15 for those without current NY NATAS membership.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;In the fall of 1965, the Museum of Modern Art held a retrospective of all the major works of Alberto Giacometti.&amp;nbsp; Sumner Jules Glimcher, then the Manager of the Center for Mass Communication at Columbia University was asked to create a documentary of the exhibition. After recording all of the sculptor&amp;rsquo;s works, Glimcher unearthed a treasure trove of what the sculptor had written about his work.&amp;nbsp; These musings were translated from French into English and were edited into what was essentially an artistic map of the sculptor&amp;rsquo;s work and then the images were edited to illustrate the words.&amp;nbsp; After commissioning an original score, the final 12 minute film, &amp;ldquo;&lt;strong&gt;Alberto Giacometti, 1901-1966&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;rdquo; was completed and was honored at the Edinburgh Film Festival.&amp;nbsp; Many years later, when the Hirschhorn Museum in Washington, DC honored Giacometti, this film was played continuously for the duration of the exhibit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;In 1949, when the Communist Party in the People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China defeated the Guo min tang and evicted Generalissimo Chiang kai shek from the mainland, Chiang took all the art of China that was movable, i.e. everything but the architecture such as the Forbidden Palace, with him to Taiwan.&amp;nbsp; He claimed that he was preserving it from the Communist Barbarians, while Mao tse tung said he stole it from the people of China.&amp;nbsp; Be that as it may, when Chiang settled in Taiwan, he constructed a very large new museum called the &amp;ldquo;National Palace Museum&amp;rdquo; in Taipei and there ensconced all the art he had brought to the island.&amp;nbsp; In 1973 Glimcher had been commissioned to create a documentary on Taiwan, and while there was given permission as the first filmmaker to create a film shot at the Museum. &amp;ldquo;&lt;strong&gt;Masterpieces of Chinese Art&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;rdquo; this half-hour film, portrays the art from the very early Shang Dynasty bronzes through the Tang, Ming and other seminal periods of Chinese art including Jade, Porcelain, Ivory, Lacquer and important scrolls to the present.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;u&gt;About the Filmmaker:&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sumner Jules Glimcher &lt;/strong&gt;is a documentary filmmaker and Professor Emeritus from NYU.&amp;nbsp; In earlier years he also taught at Columbia University and Harvard, his alma mater.&amp;nbsp; He has been a media consultant to the President of Harvard, the United Nations and for more than twenty years, the Consulate General of Japan.&amp;nbsp; He has been a lecturer on eleven luxury cruise liners and has led groups of filmmakers and photographers to multiple trips to China and Japan.&amp;nbsp; He has just completed his EBOOK, titled &amp;ldquo;&lt;strong&gt;A Filmmaker&amp;rsquo;s Journal&lt;/strong&gt;,&amp;rdquo; now available on IPADS from the APPLE ITUNES and EBOOK Store.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 128, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;RESERVATIONS REQUIRED DUE TO BUILDING SECURITY. ALL NAMES MUST BE ON GUEST LIST. Please RSVP via email &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:info@nyemmys.org&quot;&gt;info@nyemmys.org&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;to reserve a seat.Please write &amp;ldquo;Art Films&amp;rdquo; in the subject line. Space is limited.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Producer &amp;amp; Moderated by Sumner Jules Glimcher.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;adr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;street-address&quot;&gt;1375 Broadway, Suite 2103&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;locality&quot;&gt;New York&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span class=&quot;region&quot;&gt;NY&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;postal-code&quot;&gt;10018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/580</guid>

			<pubDate>Thu, 07 Jun 2012 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/574</link>

			<title>Play Reading Hosted by Arlene Dahl on 18-Jun-12 5:30 PM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/574&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;Play Reading Hosted by Arlene Dahl&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120618T213000Z&quot;&gt;18-Jun-12 5:30 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120619T000000Z&quot;&gt;18-Jun-12 8:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;h2&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PLAY READING Hosted by Arlene Dahl &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
	&lt;h2&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;ldquo;Stage Fright&amp;rdquo;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
	&lt;h2&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A new play written and directed by John Wooten involving a series of vignettes about auditions that go terribly wrong.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Date: Monday, June 18, 2012&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Time: 5:30 p.m. Reception, 6:00 p.m. Program&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Location: Midtown&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 128, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;For reservations and location information please call 212-459-3630, ext. 204! Reservations are required. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;NO EMAIL RESERVATIONS WILL BE ACCEPTED.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;Event produced by Ellen Muir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/574</guid>

			<pubDate>Mon, 18 Jun 2012 21:30:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/578</link>

			<title>Professional Development Workshop on 19-Jun-12 6:00 PM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/578&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;Professional Development Workshop&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20120619T220000Z&quot;&gt;19-Jun-12 6:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20120620T000000Z&quot;&gt;19-Jun-12 8:00 PM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;h2&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Professional Development Workshop with Jim Arnoff&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Date: Tuesday, June 19, 2012 &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Time: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6:00 PM &amp;ndash; 8:00 PM&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Location: NY NATAS, 1375 Broadway (between 37&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;and 38&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;Streets), Suite 2103 (21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt;Floor)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topic: &lt;/strong&gt;&amp;ldquo;The Ultimate Confidence Building Workshop: Communicate With Conviction&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Lack of confidence holding you back? Feeling intimidated when you speak at networking events or pitching your projects? This interactive workshop lead by Television/Web Packaging Agent and Certified Career Coach Jim Arnoffwill give you the insider&#39;s techniques to embrace your strengths, share your career passions with conviction and reinvent your possibilities. Gain tools to let go of the doubts, fears and inner voices which hold you back from taking your entertainment career to the next level.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 128, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESERVATIONS REQUIRED DUE TO BUILDING SECURITY. ALL NAMES MUST BE ON GUEST LIST. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Please RSVP via email at &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;mailto:info@nyemmys.org&quot; title=&quot;blocked::mailto:info@nyemmys.org&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;info@nyemmys.org&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;or call 212-459-3630 ext. 200. FREE for all attendees!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Workshop produced by Jacqueline J. Gonzalez.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;vcard&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;fn&quot;&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;adr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;street-address&quot;&gt;1375 Broadway, Suite 2103&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;locality&quot;&gt;New York&lt;/span&gt;,
&lt;span class=&quot;region&quot;&gt;NY&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;postal-code&quot;&gt;10018&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/578</guid>

			<pubDate>Tue, 19 Jun 2012 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Events</category>

			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/581</link>

			<title>Midmorning Exchange on 7-Nov-12 9:30 AM</title>

			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;vevent&quot;&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;url&quot; href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/581&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;summary&quot;&gt;Midmorning Exchange&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtstart&quot;&gt;Start Date:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;abbr class=&quot;dtstart&quot; title=&quot;20121107T143000Z&quot;&gt;7-Nov-12 9:30 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdtend&quot;&gt;End Time:&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;abbr class=&quot;dtend&quot; title=&quot;20121107T160000Z&quot;&gt;7-Nov-12 11:00 AM&lt;/abbr&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;tdescription&quot;&gt;Event Details:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;description&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;h2&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Midmorning Exchange&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Wednesday, November 7, 2012 ~ 9:30 &amp;ndash; 11:00 AM&lt;br&gt;
		NY NATAS Office &amp;ndash; 1375 Broadway (between 37&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;and 38&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt;Streets), 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt;floor, Suite 2103&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reese Schonfeld &lt;/strong&gt;&amp;ndash; Co-Founder and first President of CNN. Co-Founder and first Chairman of the Food Network. Currently involved with the Internet and specialty engagements around the world (Russia in May and June of 2012).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Topic: &lt;/strong&gt;&amp;ldquo;What It All Means&amp;rdquo; (the outcome of Tuesday&amp;rsquo;s Presidential Election)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
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</description>

			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cev/581</guid>

			<pubDate>Wed, 07 Nov 2012 14:30:00 GMT</pubDate>

		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/62/</link>
			<title>Bloggers Beware! News Reporter&#8217;s Privilege May Not Protect Posts On Message Boards</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
		&lt;strong&gt;Bloggers Beware!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
		&lt;strong&gt;News Reporter&amp;rsquo;s Privilege May Not Protect Posts On Message Boards&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;strong&gt;By &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cyberjurist.com/&quot;&gt;Fernando M. Pinguelo, Esq.&lt;/a&gt;and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nmmlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=view&amp;amp;id=664&amp;amp;Itemid=29&quot;&gt;Andrew D. Linden, Esq.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		In today&amp;rsquo;s digital world, blogs, discussion boards, and message boards are becoming increasingly more popular and accessible. &amp;nbsp;These media are used not only for socializing, but also, for many of us, a means of acquiring and disseminating &amp;ldquo;news.&amp;rdquo; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		Recently, in &lt;em&gt;Too Much Media v. Shellee Hale&lt;/em&gt;, the Supreme Court of New Jersey considered whether the state&amp;rsquo;s Shield Law&amp;ndash; which allows news reporters to protect the confidentiality of their sources and the news or information gathered during their investigations &amp;ndash; applied to an individual who posted several allegedly defamatory message board entries.&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		Defendant, a self-described journalist, contended that she was investigating and reporting on corruption in the adult entertainment industry.&amp;nbsp; In particular, she focused on Too Much Media, LLC (TMM), a company that produces software used in the adult entertainment industry.&amp;nbsp; Defendant posted Internet messages alleging that a breach in TMM&amp;rsquo;s software exposed the personal information of TMM customers who believed they were accessing pornographic websites anonymously.&amp;nbsp; Claiming she had conducted a probe on the alleged breach, defendant posted that TMM violated New Jersey&amp;rsquo;s identity theft protection act, threatened people who questioned its conduct, and profited from the alleged breach.&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		TMM sued, alleging that her posts were defamatory and made in a false light.&amp;nbsp; When TMM sought to depose her during discovery, Defendant moved for a protective order, asserting she was a reporter entitled to the protections of New Jersey&amp;rsquo;s Shield Law.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		Addressing whether defendant could invoke the Shield Law to protect the identity of her sources, the court explained that the law affords broad protections to news media, defined as &amp;ldquo;newspapers, magazines, press associations, news agencies, wire services, radio, television or other similar, printed, photographic, mechanical or electronic means of disseminating news to the general public.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; Thus, the Shield Law&amp;rsquo;s protections are not limited to traditional news outlets such as newspapers and magazines.&amp;nbsp; However, the court noted that &amp;ldquo;[t]he existence of new technology merely broadens the possible spectrum of what the Shield Law &lt;u&gt;might&lt;/u&gt;encompass &amp;hellip;.Form alone does not tell us whether a particular method of dissemination qualifies as &amp;lsquo;news media&amp;rsquo; under the statute.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		In other words, information delivered electronically might qualify as news, but that is not necessarily the case.&amp;nbsp; A self-appointed newsperson is not necessarily a reporter entitled to Shield Law protections.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;The person seeking to invoke the privilege must demonstrate that the means by which he or she is disseminating the news is similar to traditional news sources, such as newspapers, magazines, and the like&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rdquo;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		With this standard in mind, the court described Internet message boards as &amp;ldquo;virtual forums for people to communicate with each other about topics of interest.&amp;rdquo; In the context of news media, the Court likened message board posts to letters to the editor, but with this limitation: &amp;ldquo;[M]essage-board posts are actually one step removed from letters that are printed in a newspaper because letters are first reviewed and approved for publication by an editor or employee whose thought processes would be covered by the privilege.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		Defendant&amp;rsquo;s entries were posted on Oprano, a message board regarding the adult entertainment industry, which allowed users to post comments and participate in discussions, without filtering or prescreening. &amp;nbsp;Attempting to demonstrate that her posts did disseminate news, defendant claimed that she had conducted a probe about the alleged breach of TMM&amp;rsquo;s database, had spoken with government officials, and had attended trade shows as part of her investigation of the pornography industry.&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;While noting that some media outlets screen comments and edit or delete certain posts, the court said that by contrast, &amp;ldquo;defendant&amp;rsquo;s comments on an online message board would resemble a pamphlet full of unfiltered, unscreened letters to the editor submitted for publication &amp;ndash; or, in modern-day terms, unedited, unscreened comments posted by readers on NJ.com.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		The court did not believe that the Legislature &amp;ldquo;intended to provide everyone who posts a comment on Oprano or a response to an article on NJ.com an absolute reporter&amp;rsquo;s privilege under the Shield Law.&amp;rdquo;&amp;nbsp; Thus, despite defendant&amp;rsquo;s claims, the court found she had failed to show that she was entitled to the law&amp;rsquo;s protection.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		However, the court, did acknowledge that in certain instances, statements on a website &lt;em&gt;could&lt;/em&gt; qualify for the privilege.&amp;nbsp; For example, a California court found that the reporter&amp;rsquo;s privilege (under both state statute and federal case law) was applicable to an individual claiming to operate an online news magazine devoted to publishing information about Apple computers and compatible software.&amp;nbsp; That site was &amp;ldquo;conceptually indistinguishable from publishing a newspaper&amp;rdquo; and was unlike &amp;ldquo;the deposit of information, opinion, or fabrication by a casual visitor to an open forum such as a newsgroup, chat room, bulletin board system, or discussion group.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		Similarly, a Washington, D.C. federal court found that Matt Drudge, the creator of the &lt;em&gt;Drudge Report&lt;/em&gt;, qualified for the reporter&amp;rsquo;s privilege under the First Amendment.&amp;nbsp; Although the website had started as a gossip column covering Hollywood and Washington, D.C., it &amp;ldquo;now contain[ed] breaking news items and links to various articles.&amp;rdquo; While not a conventional news outlet from the start, the &lt;em&gt;Drudge Report&lt;/em&gt; has since evolved into a forum sharing characteristics similar to traditional news media.&amp;nbsp; In contrast to defendant&amp;rsquo;s posts on Oprano, these websites demonstrated that they were recognized as means of disseminating information to the public.&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;em&gt;Too Much Media&lt;/em&gt; provides a cautionary tale for any blogger who believes claiming to be a reporter provides Shield Law protection, and as a result, an unlimited license to express himself or herself on the Internet.&amp;nbsp; The apparent anonymity of using the Internet often fuels people to speak off-the-cuff. &amp;nbsp;Users of message boards, however, such as users of any form of electronic communication, must be careful about what they say.&amp;nbsp; Before you launch into your next online rant, pause to consider the consequences.&amp;nbsp; Remember that you may find yourself as a defendant in a defamation lawsuit and will not be able to avail yourself of the Shield Law unless your blog or message board has a sufficient nexus to traditional news media.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;em&gt;This article&amp;rsquo;s primary purpose is to educate and inform readers and provide them with a general overview of the topics discussed. The information contained herein should not be construed as providing legal advice and should not be relied on for that purpose. If you have specific legal questions, the author suggests seeking the advice of a qualified attorney.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cyberjurist.com/&quot;&gt;Fernando M. Pinguelo&lt;/a&gt;, a Partner at Norris, McLaughlin &amp;amp; Marcus, P.A. and Chair of its Entertainment Law and Cyber Security &amp;amp; Data Protection groups, is a trial lawyer who devotes his practice to complex business lawsuits and employment matters.&amp;nbsp; Fernando represents TV news anchors, reporters, meteorologists, and sports casters, including &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/art/27/&quot;&gt;Emmy Award&lt;/a&gt;-winning talent, concerning employment and agency agreements, contract disputes, and cyber security/privacy issues concerning talent&amp;rsquo;s Internet reputation.&amp;nbsp; His representative clients include on-air talent who broadcast out of local and affiliate TV stations across the U.S., including in Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and Philadelphia. To learn more about Mr. Pinguelo, visit &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nylocallaw.com/&quot;&gt;www.NYLocalLaw.com&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;or email him at &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:info@NYLocalLaw.com&quot;&gt;info@NYLocalLaw.com&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Andrew D. Linden, an associate lawyer with the firm, practices in the Litigation and Appellate practice groups.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;14-May-12 5:45 PM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Bloggers Beware! News Reporter&#8217;s Privilege May Not Protect Posts On Message Boards</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	
		Bloggers Beware!
	
		News Reporter's Privilege May Not Protect Posts On Message Boards
	 
		 
	 
		By Fernando M. Pinguelo, Esq.and Andrew D. Linden, Esq.
	 
		 
	 
		In today's digital world, blogs, discussion boards, and message boards are becoming increasingly more popular and accessible.  These media are used not only for socializing, but also, for many of us, a means of acquiring and disseminating &quot;news.&quot;  
	 
		 
	 
		Recently, in Too Much Media v. Shellee Hale, the Supreme Court of New Jersey considered whether the state's Shield Law- which allows news reporters to protect the confidentiality of their sources and the news or information gathered during their investigations - applied to an individual who posted several allegedly defamatory message board entries.
	 
		 
	 
		Defendant, a self-described journalist, contended that she was investigating and reporting on corruption in the adult entertainment industry.  In particular, she focused on Too Much Media, LLC (TMM), a company that produces software used in the adult entertainment industry.  Defendant posted Internet messages alleging that a breach in TMM's software exposed the personal information of TMM customers who believed they were accessing pornographic websites anonymously.  Claiming she had conducted a probe on the alleged breach, defendant posted that TMM violated New Jersey's identity theft protection act, threatened people who questioned its conduct, and profited from the alleged breach.
	 
		 
	 
		TMM sued, alleging that her posts were defamatory and made in a false light.  When TMM sought to depose her during discovery, Defendant moved for a protective order, asserting she was a reporter entitled to the protections of New Jersey's Shield Law. 
	 
		 
	 
		Addressing whether defendant could invoke the Shield Law to protect the identity of her sources, the court explained that the law affords broad protections to news media, defined as &quot;newspapers, magazines, press associations, news agencies, wire services, radio, television or other similar, printed, photographic, mechanical or electronic means of disseminating news to the general public.&quot;  Thus, the Shield Law's protections are not limited to traditional news outlets such as newspapers and magazines.  However, the court noted that &quot;[t]he existence of new technology merely broadens the possible spectrum of what the Shield Law mightencompass &amp;hellip;.Form alone does not tell us whether a particular method of dissemination qualifies as 'news media' under the statute.&quot;
	 
		 
	 
		In other words, information delivered electronically might qualify as news, but that is not necessarily the case.  A self-appointed newsperson is not necessarily a reporter entitled to Shield Law protections.  &quot;The person seeking to invoke the privilege must demonstrate that the means by which he or she is disseminating the news is similar to traditional news sources, such as newspapers, magazines, and the like.&quot;
	 
		With this standard in mind, the court described Internet message boards as &quot;virtual forums for people to communicate with each other about topics of interest.&quot; In the context of news media, the Court likened message board posts to letters to the editor, but with this limitation: &quot;[M]essage-board posts are actually one step removed from letters that are printed in a newspaper because letters are first reviewed and approved for publication by an editor or employee whose thought processes would be covered by the privilege.&quot;
	 
		 
	 
		Defendant's entries were posted on Oprano, a message board regarding the adult entertainment industry, which allowed users to post comments and participate in discussions, without filtering or prescreening.  Attempting to demonstrate that her posts did disseminate news, defendant claimed that she had conducted a probe about the alleged breach of TMM's database, had spoken with government officials, and had attended trade shows as part of her investigation of the pornography industry.
	 
		 
	 
		 While noting that some media outlets screen comments and edit or delete certain posts, the court said that by contrast, &quot;defendant's comments on an online message board would resemble a pamphlet full of unfiltered, unscreened letters to the editor submitted for publication - or, in modern-day terms, unedited, unscreened comments posted by readers on NJ.com.&quot;
	 
		 
	 
		The court did not believe that the Legislature &quot;intended to provide everyone who posts a comment on Oprano or a response to an article on NJ.com an absolute reporter's privilege under the Shield Law.&quot;  Thus, despite defendant's claims, the court found she had failed to show that she was entitled to the law's protection. 
	 
		 
	 
		However, the court, did acknowledge that in certain instances, statements on a website could qualify for the privilege.  For example, a California court found that the reporter's privilege (under both state statute and federal case law) was applicable to an individual claiming to operate an online news magazine devoted to publishing information about Apple computers and compatible software.  That site was &quot;conceptually indistinguishable from publishing a newspaper&quot; and was unlike &quot;the deposit of information, opinion, or fabrication by a casual visitor to an open forum such as a newsgroup, chat room, bulletin board system, or discussion group.&quot;
	 
		 
	 
		Similarly, a Washington, D.C. federal court found that Matt Drudge, the creator of the Drudge Report, qualified for the reporter's privilege under the First Amendment.  Although the website had started as a gossip column covering Hollywood and Washington, D.C., it &quot;now contain[ed] breaking news items and links to various articles.&quot; While not a conventional news outlet from the start, the Drudge Report has since evolved into a forum sharing characteristics similar to traditional news media.  In contrast to defendant's posts on Oprano, these websites demonstrated that they were recognized as means of disseminating information to the public.
	 
		 
	 
		Too Much Media provides a cautionary tale for any blogger who believes claiming to be a reporter provides Shield Law protection, and as a result, an unlimited license to express himself or herself on the Internet.  The apparent anonymity of using the Internet often fuels people to speak off-the-cuff.  Users of message boards, however, such as users of any form of electronic communication, must be careful about what they say.  Before you launch into your next online rant, pause to consider the consequences.  Remember that you may find yourself as a defendant in a defamation lawsuit and will not be able to avail yourself of the Shield Law unless your blog or message board has a sufficient nexus to traditional news media. 
	 
		 
	 
		This article's primary purpose is to educate and inform readers and provide them with a general overview of the topics discussed. The information contained herein should not be construed as providing legal advice and should not be relied on for that purpose. If you have specific legal questions, the author suggests seeking the advice of a qualified attorney. 
		 
	 
		 
	 
		Fernando M. Pinguelo, a Partner at Norris, McLaughlin &amp; Marcus, P.A. and Chair of its Entertainment Law and Cyber Security &amp; Data Protection groups, is a trial lawyer who devotes his practice to complex business lawsuits and employment matters.  Fernando represents TV news anchors, reporters, meteorologists, and sports casters, including Emmy Award-winning talent, concerning employment and agency agreements, contract disputes, and cyber security/privacy issues concerning talent's Internet reputation.  His representative clients include on-air talent who broadcast out of local and affiliate TV stations across the U.S., including in Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and Philadelphia. To learn more about Mr. Pinguelo, visit www.NYLocalLaw.com or email him at info@NYLocalLaw.com. Andrew D. Linden, an associate lawyer with the firm, practices in the Litigation and Appellate practice groups.

</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/62/</guid>
			<author>Fernando M. Pinguelo, Esq. - noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Mon, 14 May 2012 22:45:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/54/</link>
			<title>New Year, New Resolutions: Do I Need an Agent? A Lawyer? A New Contract?</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;strong&gt;New Year, New Resolutions: Do I Need an Agent? A Lawyer? A New Contract?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		By &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cyberjurist.com/&quot;&gt;Fernando M. Pinguelo, Esq.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		At the beginning of each New Year, I receive a flurry of calls from my clients who work in the media industry seeking legal guidance on issues concerning their career.&amp;nbsp; Most questions concern contract obligations and pre- and post- employment negotiations.&amp;nbsp; Increasingly, these queries also involve the cyber world where &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/38/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;identity theft&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/36/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;reputation disparagement&lt;/a&gt;, and cyber squatting run rampant.&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		I share with you three of the most common questions I received this year as I suspect you or your colleagues may be dealing with similar issues.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;strong&gt;Do I need an agent?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		While I could spend hours discussing the pros and cons of a response to this question, the bottom line is that reputable agents, &lt;em&gt;who pay attention to talent&lt;/em&gt;, offer invaluable services such as identifying job opportunities in competitive positions and providing career counseling.&amp;nbsp; However, if you have managed to find desirable jobs on your own, are relatively established in your career, have been in the media business long enough and maintained your relationships with others in the industry, or your needs are limited to needing an attorney to review and negotiate contracts (either employment or agency agreements), then retaining an experienced lawyer may be the better option.&amp;nbsp; I find that many media professionals are enterprising talent who have a knack for finding jobs on their own, and these professionals opt to hire lawyers to service their legal needs and review and negotiate their contracts (or get them out of poorly negotiated ones).&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;strong&gt;Is my contract enforceable?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		Contracts are not always enforceable, at least not when it comes to some restrictive covenants (commonly referred to as non-competes) and some &amp;ldquo;evergreen&amp;rdquo; clauses that automatically extend a contract period beyond its initial term. Indeed, both employers and employees often have misconceptions about the enforceability of their contracts.&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		Non-competes appear in nearly every contract of employment I negotiate.&amp;nbsp; They are often ignored or not negotiated by talent because of the perception that they are &amp;quot;non-negotiable.&amp;quot;&amp;nbsp; Generally, non-competes are enforceable only to the extent that they are reasonably necessary to protect narrowly-defined, well-recognized employer interests.&amp;nbsp; In rare instances, including under &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/27/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;New York law&lt;/a&gt;, broadcast industry employers are &lt;em&gt;prohibited&lt;/em&gt; from including certain non-competes in employment contracts.&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		Many contracts contain evergreen clauses.&amp;nbsp; Talent rarely negotiate these automatic renewal clauses, and often, unwittingly, find themselves in a longer-than-expected period of commitment to their agent or employer.&amp;nbsp; Fortunately, some jurisdictions have specific laws limiting the use of such clauses.&amp;nbsp; Depending on the jurisdiction, if you find yourself on the hook for an additional period of time and the other party to the contract did not adhere to certain requirements, you may be able to argue that the automatic renewal period is unenforceable.&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		If you find yourself struggling to meet your contractual obligations, or feel that you are not receiving the benefits you expected when you signed the contract, then it may be worth it to you to explore whether you may have a defensible argument that at least part of the contract is unenforceable.&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;strong&gt;What is this going to cost?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		Typically, an attorney&amp;rsquo;s product includes his or her time &lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt; experience.&amp;nbsp; The spectrum of legal fees associated with a complete legal review of a contract can run anywhere between $900 (review of a relatively simple four-page contract) and $3,500+ (review of a complicated, multifaceted contract plus negotiations with the employer intended to resolve the dispute without a lawsuit).&amp;nbsp; If you wish to pursue a lawsuit (or arbitration, if your contract so provides), then legal fees associated with a full-blown lawsuit that seeks relief from contract obligations could be considerable. &amp;nbsp;Legal fees are a function of the complexities of the case, the recalcitrance of the adverse party, the burdens and requirements imposed by a court and &amp;ndash; ultimately &amp;ndash; the extent to which one wishes to litigate uncompromising positions. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		I am sure that many employees in the media business struggle with these or similar issues.&amp;nbsp; As with most legal predicaments, the devil is &lt;em&gt;always&lt;/em&gt; in the details, and a careful review of your particular circumstances and the contracts you&#39;ve signed (or are contemplating) is required in order to provide you with appropriate guidance.&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;em&gt;This article&amp;rsquo;s primary purpose is to educate and inform readers and provide them with a general overview of the topics discussed. The information contained herein should not be construed as providing legal advice and should not be relied on for that purpose. If you have specific legal questions, the author suggests seeking the advice of a qualified attorney.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cyberjurist.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Fernando M. Pinguelo&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;a Partner at Norris, McLaughlin &amp;amp; Marcus, P.A. and Chair of its Entertainment Law and Cyber Security &amp;amp; Data Protection groups, is a trial lawyer who devotes his practice to complex business lawsuits and employment matters.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Fernando represents TV news anchors, reporters, meteorologists, and sports casters, including &lt;a href=&quot;../art/27/&quot;&gt;Emmy Award&lt;/a&gt;-winning talent, concerning employment and agency agreements, contract disputes, and cyber security/privacy issues concerning talent&amp;rsquo;s Internet reputation.&amp;nbsp; His representative clients include on-air talent who broadcast out of local and affiliate TV stations across the U.S., including in Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and Philadelphia.&lt;em&gt;To learn more about Mr. Pinguelo, visit &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nylocallaw.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;www.NYLocalLaw.com&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;nbsp;or email him at &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;mailto:info@NYLocalLaw.com&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;info@NYLocalLaw.com&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;2-Mar-12 9:30 AM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>New Year, New Resolutions: Do I Need an Agent? A Lawyer? A New Contract?</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	 
		New Year, New Resolutions: Do I Need an Agent? A Lawyer? A New Contract?
	 
		 
	 
		By Fernando M. Pinguelo, Esq.
	 
		 
	 
		At the beginning of each New Year, I receive a flurry of calls from my clients who work in the media industry seeking legal guidance on issues concerning their career.  Most questions concern contract obligations and pre- and post- employment negotiations.  Increasingly, these queries also involve the cyber world where identity theft, reputation disparagement, and cyber squatting run rampant.
	 
		 
	 
		I share with you three of the most common questions I received this year as I suspect you or your colleagues may be dealing with similar issues. 
	 
		 
	 
		Do I need an agent?
	 
		 
	 
		While I could spend hours discussing the pros and cons of a response to this question, the bottom line is that reputable agents, who pay attention to talent, offer invaluable services such as identifying job opportunities in competitive positions and providing career counseling.  However, if you have managed to find desirable jobs on your own, are relatively established in your career, have been in the media business long enough and maintained your relationships with others in the industry, or your needs are limited to needing an attorney to review and negotiate contracts (either employment or agency agreements), then retaining an experienced lawyer may be the better option.  I find that many media professionals are enterprising talent who have a knack for finding jobs on their own, and these professionals opt to hire lawyers to service their legal needs and review and negotiate their contracts (or get them out of poorly negotiated ones).
	 
		 
	 
		Is my contract enforceable?
	 
		 
	 
		Contracts are not always enforceable, at least not when it comes to some restrictive covenants (commonly referred to as non-competes) and some &quot;evergreen&quot; clauses that automatically extend a contract period beyond its initial term. Indeed, both employers and employees often have misconceptions about the enforceability of their contracts.
	 
		 
	 
		Non-competes appear in nearly every contract of employment I negotiate.  They are often ignored or not negotiated by talent because of the perception that they are &quot;non-negotiable.&quot;  Generally, non-competes are enforceable only to the extent that they are reasonably necessary to protect narrowly-defined, well-recognized employer interests.  In rare instances, including under New York law, broadcast industry employers are prohibited from including certain non-competes in employment contracts.
	 
		 
	 
		Many contracts contain evergreen clauses.  Talent rarely negotiate these automatic renewal clauses, and often, unwittingly, find themselves in a longer-than-expected period of commitment to their agent or employer.  Fortunately, some jurisdictions have specific laws limiting the use of such clauses.  Depending on the jurisdiction, if you find yourself on the hook for an additional period of time and the other party to the contract did not adhere to certain requirements, you may be able to argue that the automatic renewal period is unenforceable.
	 
		 
	 
		If you find yourself struggling to meet your contractual obligations, or feel that you are not receiving the benefits you expected when you signed the contract, then it may be worth it to you to explore whether you may have a defensible argument that at least part of the contract is unenforceable.
	 
		 
	 
		What is this going to cost?
	 
		 
	 
		Typically, an attorney's product includes his or her time and experience.  The spectrum of legal fees associated with a complete legal review of a contract can run anywhere between $900 (review of a relatively simple four-page contract) and $3,500+ (review of a complicated, multifaceted contract plus negotiations with the employer intended to resolve the dispute without a lawsuit).  If you wish to pursue a lawsuit (or arbitration, if your contract so provides), then legal fees associated with a full-blown lawsuit that seeks relief from contract obligations could be considerable.  Legal fees are a function of the complexities of the case, the recalcitrance of the adverse party, the burdens and requirements imposed by a court and - ultimately - the extent to which one wishes to litigate uncompromising positions.  
	 
		 
	 
		I am sure that many employees in the media business struggle with these or similar issues.  As with most legal predicaments, the devil is always in the details, and a careful review of your particular circumstances and the contracts you&#39;ve signed (or are contemplating) is required in order to provide you with appropriate guidance.
	 
		 
	 
		This article's primary purpose is to educate and inform readers and provide them with a general overview of the topics discussed. The information contained herein should not be construed as providing legal advice and should not be relied on for that purpose. If you have specific legal questions, the author suggests seeking the advice of a qualified attorney. 
		 
	 
		 
	 
		Fernando M. Pinguelo, a Partner at Norris, McLaughlin &amp; Marcus, P.A. and Chair of its Entertainment Law and Cyber Security &amp; Data Protection groups, is a trial lawyer who devotes his practice to complex business lawsuits and employment matters.  Fernando represents TV news anchors, reporters, meteorologists, and sports casters, including Emmy Award-winning talent, concerning employment and agency agreements, contract disputes, and cyber security/privacy issues concerning talent's Internet reputation.  His representative clients include on-air talent who broadcast out of local and affiliate TV stations across the U.S., including in Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and Philadelphia.To learn more about Mr. Pinguelo, visit www.NYLocalLaw.com or email him at info@NYLocalLaw.com.

</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/54/</guid>
			<author>Fernando M. Pinguelo, Esq. Pinguelo, Esq. - noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 02 Mar 2012 15:30:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/46/</link>
			<title>Is Your Business Venturing into the Cloud? Beware of the Fine</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;As we discussed in our last installment about &amp;ldquo;the Cloud,&amp;rdquo;[1] cloud computing is a computer networking model that gives users on-demand access to shared software applications and data storage. The Cloud offers businesses a flexible, low cost alternative to hardware-heavy IT infrastructure traditionally needed to operate a technology system. For example, by storing your data off-site, you may be able to drastically reduce the size of your server room, realizing cost savings in HVAC expenses and in physical hardware and upgrades, while also reducing your company&amp;rsquo;s carbon-footprint. Further, off-site storage offers more rapid disaster recovery, allowing your business to get back up and running in a matter of hours or days rather than weeks or months. The Cloud also takes the guess work out of determining what your IT needs will be in the future &amp;ndash; as your business grows (or contracts) you can adjust your Cloud needs accordingly and with relative ease and low cost.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;Nevertheless, an important consideration before leaping head-first into a cloud services agreement is negotiating the finer points of the contract. This article sets forth some of the more important contractual provisions you&amp;rsquo;ll want to be aware of, namely:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;1. Liability for Stolen Data&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;Your company is entrusting the cloud provider with the safety and security of its valuable information. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;As we reported recently, data security breaches are becoming common and adversely affect more than just the company whose system was compromised. Indeed, the recent Epsilon data breach shows that stored data remains highly vulnerable to cybercriminals. Data involving your clients&amp;rsquo; personal information is particularly appealing for hackers. An invasive hacking event that results in the theft of customer data could have a disastrous effect on the company&amp;rsquo;s goodwill, while also requiring the company to comply with potentially expensive state and federal data breach notification laws, expose the company to civil lawsuit, and perhaps cause the company&amp;rsquo;s eventual demise. Despite these dire consequences, many cloud providers limit their liability for stolen data. Experienced counsel should be hired to assist your company in negotiating an indemnification clause for losses that are caused by the cloud provider&amp;rsquo;s negligence or the wrongdoing of its employees.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. Release of Data&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;Cloud providers are allowed to release your company&amp;rsquo;s stored data pursuant to a government order. While it may be impossible to prevent such disclosure, your company can demand a contract term that requires the cloud provider to promptly notify your company when someone seeks access to your company&amp;rsquo;s stored data.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;3. Physical Back&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;-&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;up&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;We all know that technology may, at times, fail. Whether it is a natural disaster, sabotage, or simple negligence, cloud providers&amp;rsquo; data systems are not fail-safe, and alternatives are needed in case your cloud provider&amp;rsquo;s system crashes. Thus, it is important that your company negotiates a contract term that requires physical copies of your stored data to be maintained. These physical copies could take the form of paper, tape, or disc backup, and may be maintained at a third-party warehouse or on your company&amp;rsquo;s site.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;4. Modification of Content&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;Cloud providers may also modify data that your company stores in their cloud, which could negatively affect your company&amp;rsquo;s ability to switch to another cloud provider at a later date. It is therefore necessary to negotiate contract terms to ensure that your company&amp;rsquo;s data remains in a form that is accessible to you.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;There are many other considerations that may be relevant to your business&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/articles/add.asp#_edn1&quot; name=&quot;_ednref1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[i]&lt;/a&gt;particular use of the Cloud including insurance coverage, international restrictions on cross-border data transfers, employment issues, etc. Simply signing a boilerplate cloud services agreement without first negotiating the small print could have disastrous consequences for your company. Hiring experienced counsel to negotiate the terms of your Cloud contract is therefore advisable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Fernando M. Pinguelo, a Partner at Norris, McLaughlin &amp;amp; Marcus, P.A. and co&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&#8208;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chair of the Response to Electronic Discovery &amp;amp; Information Group at the firm, is a trial lawyer who devotes his practice to complex business lawsuits with an emphasis on how technology impacts them. Mr. Pinguelo founded and contributes to the ABA Journal Award&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&#8208;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;winning blog, &lt;a href=&quot;http://ellblog.com/&quot;&gt;eLessons Learned&lt;/a&gt;&amp;ndash; Where Law, Technology, &amp;amp; Human Error Collide (www.eLLblog.com). To learn more about Mr. Pinguelo, visit &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nylocallaw.com/&quot;&gt;www.NYLocalLaw.com&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;or email him at &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:info@NYLocalLaw.com&quot;&gt;info@NYLocalLaw.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt;
		&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bradford W. Muller, an Associate with Norris McLaughlin &amp;amp; Marcus, P.A., and a member of the Litigation and Internet Law groups, has been published in scholarly journals on numerous topics, including cloud computing, real estate, and appellate practice. He, along with Mr. Pinguelo, spoke at a symposium on their article titled &amp;ldquo;Virtual Crimes &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&#8208;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Real Damages: Challenges Posed By Cybercrimes in the U.S. and Efforts to Combat Cybercriminals,&amp;rdquo; at the University of Virginia School of Law, in conjunction with &amp;ldquo;A Primer on Cybercrimes In The United States and Efforts to Combat Cybercriminals &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&#8208;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;50 State and Federal Cyber Law and Proposed Legislation Survey,&amp;rdquo; University of Virginia School of Law&amp;rsquo;s Virginia Journal of Law and Technology. Download a complimentary copy by clicking &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1789284&quot;&gt;SSRN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/articles/add.asp#_ednref1&quot; name=&quot;_edn1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;div id=&quot;edn1&quot;&gt;
			&lt;hr align=&quot;left&quot; size=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;
			&lt;div&gt;
				&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
			&lt;div&gt;
				&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;[1] Fernando M. Pinguelo and Bradford W. Muller, Avoid the Rainy Day: Survey of U.S. Cloud Computing Caselaw, 2011 B.C. Intell. Prop. &amp;amp; Tech. F. 011101, &lt;em&gt;available&lt;/em&gt; at &lt;a href=&quot;http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1745668&quot;&gt;SSRN&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
			&lt;div&gt;
				&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;17-Jun-11 11:00 AM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Is Your Business Venturing into the Cloud? Beware of the Fine</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	 
		As we discussed in our last installment about &quot;the Cloud,&quot;[1] cloud computing is a computer networking model that gives users on-demand access to shared software applications and data storage. The Cloud offers businesses a flexible, low cost alternative to hardware-heavy IT infrastructure traditionally needed to operate a technology system. For example, by storing your data off-site, you may be able to drastically reduce the size of your server room, realizing cost savings in HVAC expenses and in physical hardware and upgrades, while also reducing your company's carbon-footprint. Further, off-site storage offers more rapid disaster recovery, allowing your business to get back up and running in a matter of hours or days rather than weeks or months. The Cloud also takes the guess work out of determining what your IT needs will be in the future - as your business grows (or contracts) you can adjust your Cloud needs accordingly and with relative ease and low cost.
	 
		 
	 
		Nevertheless, an important consideration before leaping head-first into a cloud services agreement is negotiating the finer points of the contract. This article sets forth some of the more important contractual provisions you'll want to be aware of, namely:
	 
		 
	 
		1. Liability for Stolen Data
	 
		 
	 
		Your company is entrusting the cloud provider with the safety and security of its valuable information. As we reported recently, data security breaches are becoming common and adversely affect more than just the company whose system was compromised. Indeed, the recent Epsilon data breach shows that stored data remains highly vulnerable to cybercriminals. Data involving your clients' personal information is particularly appealing for hackers. An invasive hacking event that results in the theft of customer data could have a disastrous effect on the company's goodwill, while also requiring the company to comply with potentially expensive state and federal data breach notification laws, expose the company to civil lawsuit, and perhaps cause the company's eventual demise. Despite these dire consequences, many cloud providers limit their liability for stolen data. Experienced counsel should be hired to assist your company in negotiating an indemnification clause for losses that are caused by the cloud provider's negligence or the wrongdoing of its employees.
	 
		 
	 
		2. Release of Data
	 
		 
	 
		Cloud providers are allowed to release your company's stored data pursuant to a government order. While it may be impossible to prevent such disclosure, your company can demand a contract term that requires the cloud provider to promptly notify your company when someone seeks access to your company's stored data.
	 
		 
	 
		3. Physical Back-up
	 
		 
	 
		We all know that technology may, at times, fail. Whether it is a natural disaster, sabotage, or simple negligence, cloud providers' data systems are not fail-safe, and alternatives are needed in case your cloud provider's system crashes. Thus, it is important that your company negotiates a contract term that requires physical copies of your stored data to be maintained. These physical copies could take the form of paper, tape, or disc backup, and may be maintained at a third-party warehouse or on your company's site.
	 
		 
	 
		4. Modification of Content
	 
		 
	 
		Cloud providers may also modify data that your company stores in their cloud, which could negatively affect your company's ability to switch to another cloud provider at a later date. It is therefore necessary to negotiate contract terms to ensure that your company's data remains in a form that is accessible to you.
	 
		 
	 
		There are many other considerations that may be relevant to your business[i]particular use of the Cloud including insurance coverage, international restrictions on cross-border data transfers, employment issues, etc. Simply signing a boilerplate cloud services agreement without first negotiating the small print could have disastrous consequences for your company. Hiring experienced counsel to negotiate the terms of your Cloud contract is therefore advisable.
	 
		 
	 
		Fernando M. Pinguelo, a Partner at Norris, McLaughlin &amp; Marcus, P.A. and co&#8208;Chair of the Response to Electronic Discovery &amp; Information Group at the firm, is a trial lawyer who devotes his practice to complex business lawsuits with an emphasis on how technology impacts them. Mr. Pinguelo founded and contributes to the ABA Journal Award&#8208;winning blog, eLessons Learned- Where Law, Technology, &amp; Human Error Collide (www.eLLblog.com). To learn more about Mr. Pinguelo, visit www.NYLocalLaw.com or email him at info@NYLocalLaw.com.
	 
		
		
	 
		Bradford W. Muller, an Associate with Norris McLaughlin &amp; Marcus, P.A., and a member of the Litigation and Internet Law groups, has been published in scholarly journals on numerous topics, including cloud computing, real estate, and appellate practice. He, along with Mr. Pinguelo, spoke at a symposium on their article titled &quot;Virtual Crimes &#8208;Real Damages: Challenges Posed By Cybercrimes in the U.S. and Efforts to Combat Cybercriminals,&quot; at the University of Virginia School of Law, in conjunction with &quot;A Primer on Cybercrimes In The United States and Efforts to Combat Cybercriminals &#8208;50 State and Federal Cyber Law and Proposed Legislation Survey,&quot; University of Virginia School of Law's Virginia Journal of Law and Technology. Download a complimentary copy by clicking SSRN
	 
		
	 
		 
	 
		
			
			 
				 
			 
				[1] Fernando M. Pinguelo and Bradford W. Muller, Avoid the Rainy Day: Survey of U.S. Cloud Computing Caselaw, 2011 B.C. Intell. Prop. &amp; Tech. F. 011101, available at SSRN.
			 
				 
		
	
	 
</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/46/</guid>
			<author>Fernando M. Pinguelo, Esq. - noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 2011 16:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/38/</link>
			<title>Epsilon Breach: Small Businesses Who Get &#8220;Hacked&#8221;</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;If you have a credit card or bank account, then you may have received an ominous e-mail alert discussing the data breach that recently occurred at Epsilon, a third-party vendor which provides marketing services to many companies. Luckily, the stolen information appears to have been limited to the names and e-mail addresses of only some customers. Apparently, no account numbers or other confidential information was compromised. Nevertheless, names and e-mail addresses are powerful tools for certain types of cybercriminals known as &amp;ldquo;phishers&amp;rdquo; who use social engineering to target potential victims and lure them into exposing confidential financial information.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Users of the Sony Playstation Network may not be as lucky, as upwards of 10 million credit card accounts may have been accessed by hackers in the recent network attack. Sony has been criticized for its response to the incident, and recently put in place a $1 million identity theft insurance policy to cover affected gamers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;The danger posed by such data breaches has resulted in the federal government and many states adopting data breach notification laws. If you operate a small business, you may not be aware of your responsibilities under these laws. Further, although many of the state laws are similar, small business owners must be aware that if they have customers in multiple states, they must comply with the data breach laws of each of those states. This begs the question: what are your responsibilities if cybercriminals hack into your company&amp;rsquo;s computer system and steal sensitive customer data?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;em&gt;Legal Requirements&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Here are some state law requirements you should know:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Was customers&amp;rsquo; personal information accessed by an unauthorized person? (In certain states, these data notification laws broadly define the personal information protected to include that of employees. Therefore, even data breaches only involving the personal information of employees may be subject to the notice provisions of these laws.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;If so, disclosure of the breach must be made to the customers in the most expedient time possible and without unreasonable delay. In some instances, disclosure to a customer is not required if the business establishes that misuse of the information is not reasonably possible.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;If you are required to disclose, some states mandate that in advance of the disclosure to the customer, the business must report the breach to law enforcement authorities for investigation or handling. Similarly, some states require reporting to the state Attorney General&amp;rsquo;s Office.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Finally, the business must notify the individual customers affected by the breach. Depending on the state, such notification may be provided by one of the following methods: (a) written notice; (b) electronic notice; or (c) substitute notice if the business can demonstrate that the cost of providing notice would exceed certain monetary levels or that the affected class of customers exceeds certain numbers, or the business does not have sufficient contact information. Substitute notice may consist of: (i) e-mail notice when the customer has an e-mail address on file; (ii) conspicuous posting of the notice on the Internet web site page of the business; and (iii) notification to major statewide media.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Also note that despite these specified methods of notification, for a business that maintains its own notification procedures as part of an information security policy, and the policy is otherwise consistent with the requirements of the state law, some states deem those businesses to be in compliance with the notification requirements as long as the business notifies customers in accordance with its policies. Additionally, in the event of a data breach involving more than 1,000 persons at one time, some states provide that the business must notify, without unreasonable delay, all consumer reporting agencies of the timing, distribution, and content of the notices.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Every federal and state notification law has its own nuances, but the general principles are similar: If you&amp;rsquo;re hacked, notify your customers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Fernando M. Pinguelo, a Partner at Norris, McLaughlin &amp;amp; Marcus, P.A. and co&#8208;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Chair of the Response to Electronic Discovery &amp;amp; Information Group at the firm, is a trial lawyer who devotes his practice to complex business lawsuits with an emphasis on how technology impacts them. Mr. Pinguelo founded and contributes to the ABA Journal Award&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&#8208;winning blog, &lt;a href=&quot;http://ellblog.com/&quot;&gt;eLessons Learned&lt;/a&gt;&amp;ndash;Where Law, Technology, &amp;amp; Human Error Collide (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eLLblog.com&quot;&gt;www.eLLblog.com&lt;/a&gt;).&amp;nbsp;To learn more about Mr. Pinguelo, visit www.NYLocalLaw.com or email him at &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:info@NYLocalLaw.com&quot;&gt;info@NYLocalLaw.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Bradford W. Muller, an Associate with Norris McLaughlin &amp;amp; Marcus, P.A., and a member of the Litigation and Internet Law groups, has been published in scholarly journals on numerous topics, including cloud computing, real estate, and appellate practice.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;For a comprehensive survey of federal and state legislation concerning cybercrime, see Virtual Crimes &amp;ndash; Real Damages: A Primer on Cybercrimes in the United States and Efforts to Combat Cybercriminals, Virginia Journal of Law and Technology. Download a complimentary copy by clicking &lt;/em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1789284&quot;&gt;SSRN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div&gt;
			&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt;
	&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;17-Jun-11 10:00 AM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Epsilon Breach: Small Businesses Who Get &#8220;Hacked&#8221;</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	 
		 
			If you have a credit card or bank account, then you may have received an ominous e-mail alert discussing the data breach that recently occurred at Epsilon, a third-party vendor which provides marketing services to many companies. Luckily, the stolen information appears to have been limited to the names and e-mail addresses of only some customers. Apparently, no account numbers or other confidential information was compromised. Nevertheless, names and e-mail addresses are powerful tools for certain types of cybercriminals known as &quot;phishers&quot; who use social engineering to target potential victims and lure them into exposing confidential financial information.
		 
			 
		 
			Users of the Sony Playstation Network may not be as lucky, as upwards of 10 million credit card accounts may have been accessed by hackers in the recent network attack. Sony has been criticized for its response to the incident, and recently put in place a $1 million identity theft insurance policy to cover affected gamers.
		 
			 
		 
			The danger posed by such data breaches has resulted in the federal government and many states adopting data breach notification laws. If you operate a small business, you may not be aware of your responsibilities under these laws. Further, although many of the state laws are similar, small business owners must be aware that if they have customers in multiple states, they must comply with the data breach laws of each of those states. This begs the question: what are your responsibilities if cybercriminals hack into your company's computer system and steal sensitive customer data?
		 
			 
		 
			Legal Requirements
		 
			 
		 
			Here are some state law requirements you should know:
		 
			 
		 
			Was customers' personal information accessed by an unauthorized person? (In certain states, these data notification laws broadly define the personal information protected to include that of employees. Therefore, even data breaches only involving the personal information of employees may be subject to the notice provisions of these laws.)
		 
			 
		 
			If so, disclosure of the breach must be made to the customers in the most expedient time possible and without unreasonable delay. In some instances, disclosure to a customer is not required if the business establishes that misuse of the information is not reasonably possible.
		 
			 
		 
			If you are required to disclose, some states mandate that in advance of the disclosure to the customer, the business must report the breach to law enforcement authorities for investigation or handling. Similarly, some states require reporting to the state Attorney General's Office.
		 
			 
		 
			Finally, the business must notify the individual customers affected by the breach. Depending on the state, such notification may be provided by one of the following methods: (a) written notice; (b) electronic notice; or (c) substitute notice if the business can demonstrate that the cost of providing notice would exceed certain monetary levels or that the affected class of customers exceeds certain numbers, or the business does not have sufficient contact information. Substitute notice may consist of: (i) e-mail notice when the customer has an e-mail address on file; (ii) conspicuous posting of the notice on the Internet web site page of the business; and (iii) notification to major statewide media.
		 
			Also note that despite these specified methods of notification, for a business that maintains its own notification procedures as part of an information security policy, and the policy is otherwise consistent with the requirements of the state law, some states deem those businesses to be in compliance with the notification requirements as long as the business notifies customers in accordance with its policies. Additionally, in the event of a data breach involving more than 1,000 persons at one time, some states provide that the business must notify, without unreasonable delay, all consumer reporting agencies of the timing, distribution, and content of the notices.
		 
			 
		 
			Every federal and state notification law has its own nuances, but the general principles are similar: If you're hacked, notify your customers.
		 
			 
		 
			Fernando M. Pinguelo, a Partner at Norris, McLaughlin &amp; Marcus, P.A. and co&#8208;Chair of the Response to Electronic Discovery &amp; Information Group at the firm, is a trial lawyer who devotes his practice to complex business lawsuits with an emphasis on how technology impacts them. Mr. Pinguelo founded and contributes to the ABA Journal Award&#8208;winning blog, eLessons Learned-Where Law, Technology, &amp; Human Error Collide (www.eLLblog.com). To learn more about Mr. Pinguelo, visit www.NYLocalLaw.com or email him at info@NYLocalLaw.com.
		 
			 
		 
			Bradford W. Muller, an Associate with Norris McLaughlin &amp; Marcus, P.A., and a member of the Litigation and Internet Law groups, has been published in scholarly journals on numerous topics, including cloud computing, real estate, and appellate practice.
		 
			 
		 
			For a comprehensive survey of federal and state legislation concerning cybercrime, see Virtual Crimes - Real Damages: A Primer on Cybercrimes in the United States and Efforts to Combat Cybercriminals, Virginia Journal of Law and Technology. Download a complimentary copy by clicking SSRN
		 
			 
	
	
	
	 
		 

</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/38/</guid>
			<author>Fernando M. Pinguelo, Esq. - noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 2011 15:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/42/</link>
			<title>Apple v. Amazon.com &#8211; The War for &#8220;App&#8221;</title>
			<description>&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Apple&amp;rsquo;s recent lawsuit against Amazon opens a new front in the war for app dominance.&amp;nbsp; Apple, it seems, could not abide Amazon&amp;rsquo;s launch of its own mobile app marketplace &amp;ndash; Amazon Appstore.&amp;nbsp; Yet this was not the first shot fired in this battle, as Microsoft last year opposed Apple&amp;rsquo;s attempt to register the APP STORE brand name with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;So, why all this attention? Why are the app &amp;ldquo;super powers&amp;rdquo; &amp;ndash; Amazon, Apple, RIM/Blackberry, Google, Microsoft &amp;ndash; shifting their strategy from development and consumer marketing to the legal battle&#8208;field?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;As the mobile phone market continues to undergo tremendous growth, the app creates a lucrative revenue stream that connects to consumers through their mobile phones, smartphones, and other devices connected wirelessly.&amp;nbsp; In recent years, the smartphone has all but eliminated the basic mobile device and, more recently, downloadable software applications or &amp;ldquo;apps&amp;rdquo; have become the new technology craze.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Consumers the world over love the fact that with the right app they can get information about almost anything wherever and whenever they want.&amp;nbsp; There are travel apps, news apps, weather apps, game apps, social networking apps &amp;ndash; the list goes on and on.&amp;nbsp; Apple leads the app marketplace with over 300,000 apps available at its own App Store.&amp;nbsp; Google Android follows with over 60,000 apps.&amp;nbsp; BlackBerry&amp;rsquo;s App World features over 10,000.&amp;nbsp; Many apps are free.&amp;nbsp; A number, however, are only available for purchase from the applicable device&amp;rsquo;s or operating system&amp;rsquo;s app &amp;ldquo;store.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Apple launched its App Store in July 2008.&amp;nbsp; Microsoft opened its Windows Marketplace for Mobile in October 2009.&amp;nbsp; Google launched its Google Apps Marketplace in March 2010.&amp;nbsp; Enter Amazon.com whose strategy seems to be to strike a balance between the open Google Android platform and the limits and restrictions that Apple places on its platform.&amp;nbsp; Amazon.com recently launched the &amp;ldquo;amazonappstore Developer Portal&amp;rdquo; and began selling apps for the Google Android in what it dubbed the &amp;ldquo;amazonappstore.&amp;rdquo; After several failed attempts to persuade Amazon to stop using &amp;ldquo;appstore,&amp;rdquo; Apple filed a complaint in federal court in California on March 18, 2011, alleging trademark infringement and dilution under the federal Lanham Act as well as related California state law provisions.&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/articles/add.asp#_edn1&quot; name=&quot;_ednref1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;What follows is a general overview of the protections granted by federal trademark registration, the Apple, Inc. v Amazon.com, Inc. lawsuit, and the elements of a federal trademark infringement suit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Trademark and Federal Trademark Registration&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol or design, or any combination thereof, that identifies and distinguishes the source of goods of one party from those of others.&amp;nbsp; Trademark rights can be established under either state or federal law, but unlike a patent do not require registration.&amp;nbsp; Since the establishment of the Lanham Act in 1946, most trademark law has been focused on federal rights; however, state law still plays a role in many trademark actions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Rights in a mark may be established simply through the sale of a product or service in connection with the mark at issue.&amp;nbsp; Federal registration, however, does provide several additional protections: (1) public notice of a claim of ownership of the mark, (2) a legal presumption of ownership of the mark and the exclusive right to use the mark nationwide on or in connection with the goods/services listed in the registration, (3) the ability to bring an action concerning the mark in federal court, (4) use of the U.S. registration as a basis to obtain the mark in foreign countries, (5) the ability to record the U.S. registration with the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Service to protect importation of infringing foreign goods, (6) the right to use the federal registration symbol &amp;reg;, and (7) listing in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office&amp;rsquo;s online databases.&amp;nbsp; There are also other procedural advantages that grow from registration rights.&amp;nbsp; For all of those reasons, while a federal registration is not always necessary, it can often be exceptionally useful in protecting a brand.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Of course, not every word, trade dress or logo can be the subject of trademark rights.&amp;nbsp; Common or generic terms (such as &amp;ldquo;car&amp;rdquo; for automobiles) cannot be registered, and a registered mark may be cancelled at any time if it becomes generic.&amp;nbsp; A mark that is &amp;ldquo;merely descriptive&amp;rdquo; describes the qualities or characteristics of a good or service, and this type of mark may be registered only if the registrant demonstrates that it has become distinctive of the applicant&amp;rsquo;s goods in commerce.&amp;nbsp; Suggestive marks, arbitrary marks (such as &amp;ldquo;Apple&amp;rdquo; for computers), and fanciful marks (such as &amp;ldquo;Google&amp;rdquo;) are presumptively registrable if the user is first to market.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;u&gt;Apple, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;In its complaint,&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/articles/add.asp#_edn2&quot; name=&quot;_ednref2&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Apple alleges that Amazon has begun to use Apple&amp;rsquo;s own &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; mark in connection with Amazon&amp;rsquo;s mobile software developer program, and believes it intends to also improperly use its mark in connection with Amazon&amp;rsquo;s mobile software download service.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Apple&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; service allows users of Apple&amp;rsquo;s iPhone, iTunes software, iPod, and iPad to, what Apple calls, &amp;ldquo;license a wide range of third party software programs.&amp;rdquo; Importantly, Apple intentionally avoids in its complaint describing these &amp;ldquo;software programs or products&amp;rdquo; by their common name, &amp;ldquo;apps.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Apple claims that it created this type of service, and that the wild success of Apple&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; prompted competitors to offer their own services, but that these competitors, barring Amazon, have used distinctive terms to brand their services without using &amp;ldquo;APP STORE,&amp;rdquo; such as with Microsoft&amp;rsquo;s &amp;ldquo;Marketplace.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Apple seeks to enjoin Amazon from using the &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; mark, as well as Amazon&amp;rsquo;s profits, damages to Apple, and cost of its suit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The Lanham Act and Trademark Infringement&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Apple&amp;rsquo;s first cause of action is taken directly from Section 43(a)(1)(A) of the Lanham Act.&amp;nbsp; Apple claims that Amazon&amp;rsquo;s use of APP STORE constitutes &amp;ldquo;a false designation of origin and/or a false and misleading description or representation of fact that is likely to cause confusion, to cause mistake, or to deceive as to (a) the affiliation, connection, or association of Amazon with Apple and/or (b) the origin, sponsorship, or approval of Amazons&amp;rsquo; goods, services, or commercial activities by Apple.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, whose views will govern Apple&amp;rsquo;s suit, assesses the likelihood of confusion by analyzing a number of non-exclusive factors on a case-by-case basis.&amp;nbsp; These factors include (1) strength of the mark, (2) similarity of the marks, (3) marketing channels used, (4) proximity or relatedness of the goods, (5) likelihood of expansion of the product lines, (6) type of goods and the degree of care likely to be exercised by the purchaser, (7) evidence of actual confusion, and (8) defendant&amp;rsquo;s intent in selecting the mark.&amp;nbsp; These are known as the &lt;em&gt;Sleekcraft&lt;/em&gt; factors after the case that inspired them, &lt;em&gt;AMF, Inc. v. Sleekcraft Boats&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/articles/add.asp#_edn3&quot; name=&quot;_ednref3&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;According to another Ninth Circuit decision, &lt;em&gt;Interstellar Starship Services, Ltd. v. Epix, Inc.&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/articles/add.asp#_edn4&quot; name=&quot;_ednref4&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;the three most important &lt;em&gt;Sleek-craft&lt;/em&gt; factors in the web context are: (1) the similarity of the marks, (2) the relatedness of the goods and services, and (3) the parties&amp;rsquo; simultaneous use of the Web as a marketing channel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;The factual support presented in Apple&amp;rsquo;s complaint seeks to establish that &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; is a strong mark.&amp;nbsp; The critical issue, however, is that &amp;ldquo;Apple&amp;rdquo; is a strong mark in and of itself.&amp;nbsp; Although the word &amp;ldquo;apple&amp;rdquo; has an alternative meaning (&lt;em&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt;, the fruit), &amp;ldquo;Apple&amp;rdquo; as a brand identifies a technology giant.&amp;nbsp; &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; without &amp;ldquo;Apple&amp;rdquo; as a modifier is a much weaker mark.&amp;nbsp; The term &amp;ldquo;software download,&amp;rdquo; as described by Apple, is the technical term for what the general consumer today commonly refers to as an &amp;ldquo;app.&amp;rdquo; Compared to a unique identifier such as &amp;ldquo;Xerox&amp;rdquo; or &amp;ldquo;Kodak,&amp;rdquo; which have no alternative meaning and whose use by another would be al&#8208;most certain to cause confusion, &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; without the &amp;ldquo;Apple&amp;rdquo; designation is understood by the general consumer to be a &amp;ldquo;place to buy apps.&amp;rdquo; This is Amazon&amp;rsquo;s exact position.&amp;nbsp; In its answer filed on April 25, 2011, Amazon states that &amp;ldquo;the words &amp;lsquo;App Store&amp;rsquo; together denote a store for apps, such as the app stores operated by Amazon and Apple.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Lanham Act and Dilution&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Apple bases its second claim on Section 43(c) of the Lanham Act.&amp;nbsp; Apple alleges that Amazon&amp;rsquo;s use of &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; for its developer portal and online marketplace are also likely to cause &amp;ldquo;dilution by blurring&amp;rdquo; or &amp;ldquo;dilution by tarnishment&amp;rdquo; of the &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; mark.&amp;nbsp; Specifically, the complaint alleges that Amazon&amp;rsquo;s use of &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; is likely to re&#8208;duce the distinctiveness of that mark by whittling away at the general consuming public&amp;rsquo;s association of the mark with Apple&amp;rsquo;s services.&amp;nbsp; Unlike Section 43(a), dilution does not focus on consumer confusion.&amp;nbsp; The harm caused by dilution is that a new association is created between the consumer and a different product or service.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;The Ninth Circuit uses a four prong test to assess dilution claims: (1) whether the mark is famous, (2) defendant puts the mark to commercial use in commerce, (3) defendant puts the mark to use after the plaintiff&amp;rsquo;s mark became famous, and (4) there exists a likelihood of dilution of the distinctive value of the mark.&amp;nbsp; There are two types of dilution: blur&#8208;ring and tarnishment.&amp;nbsp; Blurring occurs where another&amp;rsquo;s use of a mark creates a threat that a product will lose its ability to serve as a unique identifier.&amp;nbsp; Tarnishment, by comparison, occurs where a famous mark is improperly associated with an inferior or offensive product or service.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;Although Apple may claim its app service is superior to RIM/BlackBerry&amp;rsquo;s App World and other competitors&amp;rsquo; apps, its dilution claim likely centers on blurring.&amp;nbsp; The question becomes, has &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; been blurred and its distinctiveness harmed? If the general consuming public views &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; as a &amp;ldquo;place to buy Apps&amp;rdquo; and has already lost its association of &amp;ldquo;App&amp;rdquo; to &amp;ldquo;Apple,&amp;rdquo; then a court (or other governing body) could view &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; as a generic term.&amp;nbsp; If so, Apple could lose its trademark protection of &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; altogether.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;This is Amazon&amp;rsquo;s main line of attack.&amp;nbsp; In its answer and counterclaim,&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/articles/add.asp#_edn5&quot; name=&quot;_ednref5&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Amazon states that its use of &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; will not cause confusion, dilution, or unfair competition; and that in any event, these claims are barred because of the doctrine of fair use &amp;ndash; &amp;ldquo;APP STORE&amp;rdquo; is a store that sells apps, nothing more.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;&gt;While there is little doubt that these tech giants are unlikely to fold in this game of high stakes trade&#8208;mark poker, the outcome remains very much in question for all parties.&amp;nbsp; For Apple, however, any result other than a finding that APP STORE is a strong, protectable mark will be an ugly one, and we will be left with a sour Apple, indeed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;Fernando M. Pinguelo, a Partner at Norris, McLaughlin &amp;amp; Marcus, P.A. and co-Chair of the Response to Electronic Discovery &amp;amp; Information Group at the firm, is a trial lawyer who devotes his practice to complex business lawsuits with an emphasis on how technology impacts them.&amp;nbsp; Mr. Pinguelo founded and contributes to the ABA Journal award-winning blog, &lt;a href=&quot;http://ellblog.com/&quot;&gt;eLessons Learned&lt;/a&gt;&amp;ndash; Where Law, Technology, &amp;amp; Human Error Collide (www.eLLblog.com).&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;Recently, Mr. Pinguelo published Virtual Crimes &#8208;Real Damages: A Primer on Cybercrimes In The United States and Efforts to Combat Cybercriminals&amp;nbsp; 50 State and Federal Cyber Law and Proposed Legislation Survey,&amp;rdquo; University of Virginia School of Law&amp;rsquo;s Virginia Journal of Law and Technology. Download a complimentary copy by clicking &lt;a href=&quot;http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1789284&quot;&gt;SSRN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;To learn more about Mr. Pinguelo, visit www.NYLocalLaw.com or email him at info@NYLocalLaw.com.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;Stacey A. Hyman is an Associate in the Commercial Litigation Group at Drinker Biddle &amp;amp; Reath, LLP and may be reached at Stacey.Hyman@dbr.com.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;div&gt;
		&lt;div id=&quot;edn1&quot;&gt;
			&lt;div&gt;
				&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
			&lt;div&gt;
				&lt;hr /&gt;
				&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/articles/add.asp#_ednref1&quot; name=&quot;_edn1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Apple, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc., No. 11&#8208;CV&#8208; 01327, Complaint (N.D. Cal. Mar. 18, 2011).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div id=&quot;edn2&quot;&gt;
			&lt;div&gt;
				&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/articles/add.asp#_ednref2&quot; name=&quot;_edn2&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Id.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div id=&quot;edn3&quot;&gt;
			&lt;div&gt;
				&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/articles/add.asp#_ednref3&quot; name=&quot;_edn3&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;599 F.2d 341 (9th Cir. 1979).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div id=&quot;edn4&quot;&gt;
			&lt;div&gt;
				&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/articles/add.asp#_ednref4&quot; name=&quot;_edn4&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;304 F.3d 936 (9th Cir. 2002).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;div id=&quot;edn5&quot;&gt;
			&lt;div&gt;
				&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12px&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/en/articles/add.asp#_ednref5&quot; name=&quot;_edn5&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Apple, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc., No. 11&#8208;CV&#8208; 01327, Answer and Counterclaim (N.D. Cal. Apr. 25, 2011).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		&lt;/div&gt;
	&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;17-Jun-11 10:00 AM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Apple v. Amazon.com &#8211; The War for &#8220;App&#8221;</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
	 
		Apple's recent lawsuit against Amazon opens a new front in the war for app dominance.  Apple, it seems, could not abide Amazon's launch of its own mobile app marketplace - Amazon Appstore.  Yet this was not the first shot fired in this battle, as Microsoft last year opposed Apple's attempt to register the APP STORE brand name with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
	 
		 
	 
		So, why all this attention? Why are the app &quot;super powers&quot; - Amazon, Apple, RIM/Blackberry, Google, Microsoft - shifting their strategy from development and consumer marketing to the legal battle&#8208;field?
	 
		 
	 
		As the mobile phone market continues to undergo tremendous growth, the app creates a lucrative revenue stream that connects to consumers through their mobile phones, smartphones, and other devices connected wirelessly.  In recent years, the smartphone has all but eliminated the basic mobile device and, more recently, downloadable software applications or &quot;apps&quot; have become the new technology craze.
	 
		 
	 
		Consumers the world over love the fact that with the right app they can get information about almost anything wherever and whenever they want.  There are travel apps, news apps, weather apps, game apps, social networking apps - the list goes on and on.  Apple leads the app marketplace with over 300,000 apps available at its own App Store.  Google Android follows with over 60,000 apps.  BlackBerry's App World features over 10,000.  Many apps are free.  A number, however, are only available for purchase from the applicable device's or operating system's app &quot;store.&quot;
	 
		 
	 
		Apple launched its App Store in July 2008.  Microsoft opened its Windows Marketplace for Mobile in October 2009.  Google launched its Google Apps Marketplace in March 2010.  Enter Amazon.com whose strategy seems to be to strike a balance between the open Google Android platform and the limits and restrictions that Apple places on its platform.  Amazon.com recently launched the &quot;amazonappstore Developer Portal&quot; and began selling apps for the Google Android in what it dubbed the &quot;amazonappstore.&quot; After several failed attempts to persuade Amazon to stop using &quot;appstore,&quot; Apple filed a complaint in federal court in California on March 18, 2011, alleging trademark infringement and dilution under the federal Lanham Act as well as related California state law provisions.[1]
	 
		 
	 
		What follows is a general overview of the protections granted by federal trademark registration, the Apple, Inc. v Amazon.com, Inc. lawsuit, and the elements of a federal trademark infringement suit.
	 
		 
	 
		Trademark and Federal Trademark Registration
	 
		 
	 
		A trademark is a word, phrase, symbol or design, or any combination thereof, that identifies and distinguishes the source of goods of one party from those of others.  Trademark rights can be established under either state or federal law, but unlike a patent do not require registration.  Since the establishment of the Lanham Act in 1946, most trademark law has been focused on federal rights; however, state law still plays a role in many trademark actions.
	 
		 
	 
		Rights in a mark may be established simply through the sale of a product or service in connection with the mark at issue.  Federal registration, however, does provide several additional protections: (1) public notice of a claim of ownership of the mark, (2) a legal presumption of ownership of the mark and the exclusive right to use the mark nationwide on or in connection with the goods/services listed in the registration, (3) the ability to bring an action concerning the mark in federal court, (4) use of the U.S. registration as a basis to obtain the mark in foreign countries, (5) the ability to record the U.S. registration with the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Service to protect importation of infringing foreign goods, (6) the right to use the federal registration symbol &amp;reg;, and (7) listing in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office's online databases.  There are also other procedural advantages that grow from registration rights.  For all of those reasons, while a federal registration is not always necessary, it can often be exceptionally useful in protecting a brand.
	 
		 
	 
		Of course, not every word, trade dress or logo can be the subject of trademark rights.  Common or generic terms (such as &quot;car&quot; for automobiles) cannot be registered, and a registered mark may be cancelled at any time if it becomes generic.  A mark that is &quot;merely descriptive&quot; describes the qualities or characteristics of a good or service, and this type of mark may be registered only if the registrant demonstrates that it has become distinctive of the applicant's goods in commerce.  Suggestive marks, arbitrary marks (such as &quot;Apple&quot; for computers), and fanciful marks (such as &quot;Google&quot;) are presumptively registrable if the user is first to market.
	 
		 
	 
		Apple, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.
	 
		 
	 
		In its complaint,[2]Apple alleges that Amazon has begun to use Apple's own &quot;APP STORE&quot; mark in connection with Amazon's mobile software developer program, and believes it intends to also improperly use its mark in connection with Amazon's mobile software download service.
	 
		 
	 
		Apple's &quot;APP STORE&quot; service allows users of Apple's iPhone, iTunes software, iPod, and iPad to, what Apple calls, &quot;license a wide range of third party software programs.&quot; Importantly, Apple intentionally avoids in its complaint describing these &quot;software programs or products&quot; by their common name, &quot;apps.&quot;
	 
		 
	 
		Apple claims that it created this type of service, and that the wild success of Apple's &quot;APP STORE&quot; prompted competitors to offer their own services, but that these competitors, barring Amazon, have used distinctive terms to brand their services without using &quot;APP STORE,&quot; such as with Microsoft's &quot;Marketplace.&quot;
	 
		 
	 
		Apple seeks to enjoin Amazon from using the &quot;APP STORE&quot; mark, as well as Amazon's profits, damages to Apple, and cost of its suit.
	 
		 
	 
		The Lanham Act and Trademark Infringement
	 
		 
	 
		Apple's first cause of action is taken directly from Section 43(a)(1)(A) of the Lanham Act.  Apple claims that Amazon's use of APP STORE constitutes &quot;a false designation of origin and/or a false and misleading description or representation of fact that is likely to cause confusion, to cause mistake, or to deceive as to (a) the affiliation, connection, or association of Amazon with Apple and/or (b) the origin, sponsorship, or approval of Amazons' goods, services, or commercial activities by Apple.&quot;
	 
		 
	 
		The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, whose views will govern Apple's suit, assesses the likelihood of confusion by analyzing a number of non-exclusive factors on a case-by-case basis.  These factors include (1) strength of the mark, (2) similarity of the marks, (3) marketing channels used, (4) proximity or relatedness of the goods, (5) likelihood of expansion of the product lines, (6) type of goods and the degree of care likely to be exercised by the purchaser, (7) evidence of actual confusion, and (8) defendant's intent in selecting the mark.  These are known as the Sleekcraft factors after the case that inspired them, AMF, Inc. v. Sleekcraft Boats.[3]According to another Ninth Circuit decision, Interstellar Starship Services, Ltd. v. Epix, Inc.,[4]the three most important Sleek-craft factors in the web context are: (1) the similarity of the marks, (2) the relatedness of the goods and services, and (3) the parties' simultaneous use of the Web as a marketing channel.
	 
		 
	 
		The factual support presented in Apple's complaint seeks to establish that &quot;APP STORE&quot; is a strong mark.  The critical issue, however, is that &quot;Apple&quot; is a strong mark in and of itself.  Although the word &quot;apple&quot; has an alternative meaning (i.e., the fruit), &quot;Apple&quot; as a brand identifies a technology giant.  &quot;APP STORE&quot; without &quot;Apple&quot; as a modifier is a much weaker mark.  The term &quot;software download,&quot; as described by Apple, is the technical term for what the general consumer today commonly refers to as an &quot;app.&quot; Compared to a unique identifier such as &quot;Xerox&quot; or &quot;Kodak,&quot; which have no alternative meaning and whose use by another would be al&#8208;most certain to cause confusion, &quot;APP STORE&quot; without the &quot;Apple&quot; designation is understood by the general consumer to be a &quot;place to buy apps.&quot; This is Amazon's exact position.  In its answer filed on April 25, 2011, Amazon states that &quot;the words 'App Store' together denote a store for apps, such as the app stores operated by Amazon and Apple.&quot;
	 
		 
	 
		The Lanham Act and Dilution
	 
		 
	 
		Apple bases its second claim on Section 43(c) of the Lanham Act.  Apple alleges that Amazon's use of &quot;APP STORE&quot; for its developer portal and online marketplace are also likely to cause &quot;dilution by blurring&quot; or &quot;dilution by tarnishment&quot; of the &quot;APP STORE&quot; mark.  Specifically, the complaint alleges that Amazon's use of &quot;APP STORE&quot; is likely to re&#8208;duce the distinctiveness of that mark by whittling away at the general consuming public's association of the mark with Apple's services.  Unlike Section 43(a), dilution does not focus on consumer confusion.  The harm caused by dilution is that a new association is created between the consumer and a different product or service.
	 
		 
	 
		The Ninth Circuit uses a four prong test to assess dilution claims: (1) whether the mark is famous, (2) defendant puts the mark to commercial use in commerce, (3) defendant puts the mark to use after the plaintiff's mark became famous, and (4) there exists a likelihood of dilution of the distinctive value of the mark.  There are two types of dilution: blur&#8208;ring and tarnishment.  Blurring occurs where another's use of a mark creates a threat that a product will lose its ability to serve as a unique identifier.  Tarnishment, by comparison, occurs where a famous mark is improperly associated with an inferior or offensive product or service.
	 
		 
	 
		Although Apple may claim its app service is superior to RIM/BlackBerry's App World and other competitors' apps, its dilution claim likely centers on blurring.  The question becomes, has &quot;APP STORE&quot; been blurred and its distinctiveness harmed? If the general consuming public views &quot;APP STORE&quot; as a &quot;place to buy Apps&quot; and has already lost its association of &quot;App&quot; to &quot;Apple,&quot; then a court (or other governing body) could view &quot;APP STORE&quot; as a generic term.  If so, Apple could lose its trademark protection of &quot;APP STORE&quot; altogether.
	 
		 
	 
		This is Amazon's main line of attack.  In its answer and counterclaim,[5]Amazon states that its use of &quot;APP STORE&quot; will not cause confusion, dilution, or unfair competition; and that in any event, these claims are barred because of the doctrine of fair use - &quot;APP STORE&quot; is a store that sells apps, nothing more.
	 
		 
	 
		While there is little doubt that these tech giants are unlikely to fold in this game of high stakes trade&#8208;mark poker, the outcome remains very much in question for all parties.  For Apple, however, any result other than a finding that APP STORE is a strong, protectable mark will be an ugly one, and we will be left with a sour Apple, indeed.
	 
		 
	 
		Fernando M. Pinguelo, a Partner at Norris, McLaughlin &amp; Marcus, P.A. and co-Chair of the Response to Electronic Discovery &amp; Information Group at the firm, is a trial lawyer who devotes his practice to complex business lawsuits with an emphasis on how technology impacts them.  Mr. Pinguelo founded and contributes to the ABA Journal award-winning blog, eLessons Learned- Where Law, Technology, &amp; Human Error Collide (www.eLLblog.com).  
	 
		 
	 
		Recently, Mr. Pinguelo published Virtual Crimes &#8208;Real Damages: A Primer on Cybercrimes In The United States and Efforts to Combat Cybercriminals  50 State and Federal Cyber Law and Proposed Legislation Survey,&quot; University of Virginia School of Law's Virginia Journal of Law and Technology. Download a complimentary copy by clicking SSRN
	 
		 
	 
		To learn more about Mr. Pinguelo, visit www.NYLocalLaw.com or email him at info@NYLocalLaw.com.  
	 
		 
	 
		Stacey A. Hyman is an Associate in the Commercial Litigation Group at Drinker Biddle &amp; Reath, LLP and may be reached at Stacey.Hyman@dbr.com.
	 
		
			 
				 
			 
				
				[1]Apple, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc., No. 11&#8208;CV&#8208; 01327, Complaint (N.D. Cal. Mar. 18, 2011).
		
		
			 
				[2]Id.
		
		
			 
				[3]599 F.2d 341 (9th Cir. 1979).
		
		
			 
				[4]304 F.3d 936 (9th Cir. 2002).
		
		
			 
				[5]Apple, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc., No. 11&#8208;CV&#8208; 01327, Answer and Counterclaim (N.D. Cal. Apr. 25, 2011).
		
	

</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/42/</guid>
			<author>Fernando M. Pinguelo, Esq. - noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 2011 15:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/36/</link>
			<title>Are YOU a Public Figure? Defamation claims and how today&#8217;s world of instant celebrity can convert average citizens into public figures.</title>
			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Considered the worst act of bioterrorism in &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; history, the 2001 anthrax mailings that followed the 9/11 attacks killed at least five individuals.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Since then, litigation and investigations surrounding the anthrax mailings has spawned and taken unexpected twists and turns over the past few months.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bruce E. Ivans, the primary suspect in the anthrax investigation, committed suicide just before the Justice Department was about to file sweeping, but circumstantial, charges against him for his suspected role in the 2001 anthrax attack.&amp;nbsp; Before that, the Justice Department settled a Privacy Act suit brought by former army scientist Steven J. Hatfill, who worked with Ivans at &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:PlaceType w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Fort&lt;/st1:PlaceType&gt; &lt;st1:PlaceName w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Detrick&lt;/st1:PlaceName&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;, for $4.6 million where Hatfill claimed the Justice Department ruined his career when it leaked information about him to the media during the anthrax investigation. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;And several months ago, a federal appeals court dismissed Hatfill&#8217;s lawsuit against the &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/em&gt; and its reporter, Nicholas Kristof, for defamation allegedly caused by a series of articles Kristof wrote about Hatfill&#8217;s status as a &#8220;person of interest&#8221; in the 2001 anthrax investigation. Hatfill&#8217;s lawsuit against the &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/em&gt; was among many litigated against the Justice Department and various media outlets before the investigation was declared &#8220;solved&#8221; by the FBI in August 2008. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The appeals court&#8217;s decision to dismiss Hatfill&#8217;s lawsuit against the &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/em&gt; ultimately turned upon its determination that Hatfill was a &#8220;public figure&#8221;; and therefore he had to meet a heightened legal standard by proving &#8220;actual malice,&#8221; which the court found he could not do. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Hatfill&#8217;s designation as a &#8220;public figure&#8221; stands as a beacon to journalists and a warning to private citizens as to how fickle defamation suits can be; and how, in today's fast-paced media world, ordinary citizens who thrust themselves into the public realm of the news do so at the risk of diluting their legal rights.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;What follows is a general overview of &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;Hatfill v. New York Times&lt;/em&gt; and the legal elements of a defamation suit, with a particular emphasis on the heightened standard required when one is deemed to be a &#8220;public figure.&#8221;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;Hatfill v. New York Times&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Hatfill&#8217;s designation as a &#8220;public figure&#8221; was supported, in part, by evidence of his career expertise and media presence even before the 2001 anthrax attacks took place. In 1996, Hatfill obtained a research fellowship from the National Institute of Health (NIH) where he developed a reputation within the scientific community as an expert in the field of bioterrorism and gave multiple public lectures on preparing the country in the event of a bioterrorist attack. Upon completing his fellowship, Hatfill continued his research at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases at &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:PlaceType w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Fort&lt;/st1:PlaceType&gt; &lt;st1:PlaceName w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Detrick&lt;/st1:PlaceName&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;. Hatfill authored multiple articles discussing his career in bio-defense and occasionally offered his expertise to the public through televised interviews. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;On September 18, 2001 and October 9, 2001, an unidentified person mailed letters laced with anthrax to members of Congress and several news organizations. Within the first few weeks of its investigation into these attacks, the FBI considered Hatfill a &#8220;person of interest.&#8221; A televised search of Hatfill&#8217;s apartment and press coverage of the FBI&#8217;s investigation drew wide attention to Hatfill. During this time, Hatfill voluntarily met with reporters including Judith Miller of the &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;New&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;York Times&lt;/em&gt;, Tom Connelly and Ted Koppel of ABC News, and Jim Stewart and Mark Datov of CBS News to discuss the attacks. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Seven months after the attacks, and with the FBI investigation on a &#8220;slow track,&#8221; Kristof authored a series of articles published in the &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/em&gt; criticizing the investigation. As one example of its shortcomings, Kristof noted the FBI&#8217;s failure to properly investigate a scientist (who Kristof referred to as &#8220;Mr. Z&#8221; in early reports) who the scientific community thought warranted investigation. On August 13, 2002, after Hatfill publicly denied any involvement in the anthrax attack, Kristof acknowledged in his column that Hatfill was the &#8220;Mr. Z&#8221; to whom he previously referred.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Almost a year later, in federal court Hatfill filed suit on July 13, 2004 against Kristof and the &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/em&gt; for defamation. Hatfill argued that Kristof&#8217;s columns implied that he was the anthrax mailer and that Kristof wrote the columns to impute guilt to Hatfill in the minds of reasonable readers. On July 28, 2005, the trial court dismissed Hatfill&#8217;s action, concluding as matters of law that the columns did not suggest that Hatfill was guilty of the attacks and that the columns accurately reported questions raised in the investigation. An appeals court reversed the trial court&#8217;s dismissal and allowed Hatfill&#8217;s claims to proceed.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;After Hatfill was allowed access to information from Kristof and the &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/em&gt; in order to help support his claims, Kristof and the &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/em&gt; filed another motion seeking to dismiss the lawsuit, arguing that since Hatfill was a &#8220;public figure,&#8221; he had to meet a heightened standard and prove the &#8220;actual malice&#8221; element of a defamation claim (&lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt;, that Kristof knowingly published false statements), and that the evidence did not support such malice. The trial court agreed that the facts warranted that Hatfill be considered a &#8220;public figure,&#8221; and dismissed the case, declaring that there was no evidence that Kristof knew his statements were false, and therefore Hatfill could not prove &#8220;actual malice.&#8221; On appeal, Hatfill argued that he was not a &#8220;public figure&#8221;; but the appellate court disagreed and affirmed the trial court&#8217;s dismissal of Hatfill&#8217;s claims. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The outcome of Hatfill&#8217;s lawsuit reminds journalists and private citizens alike of a fundamental issue in defamation claims brought by seemingly &#8220;average citizens&#8221;: Under what circumstances will an average citizen be deemed a &#8220;public figure&#8221;? &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;In Hatfill&#8217;s case, his expertise and media presence before and after the anthrax investigation vaulted him into the &#8220;public figure&#8221; category and limited his legal recourse.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;The Foundation of a Defamation Claim &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Defamation is the communication of (1) a false statement (2) of fact (3) about an individual, (4) to another, (5) which tends to harm the individual&#8217;s reputation. Some examples of defamatory statements include: statements accusing a person of committing a crime, of having a contagious disease, or of being unfit for his or her employment. Generally, individuals need only show that the published statements were both false and defamatory (&lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt;, tending to harm the individual&#8217;s reputation).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;In 1964, the Supreme Court in &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;New York Times v. Sullivan&lt;/em&gt; explored defamation claims in the context of a public official and held that public officials were required also to prove actual malice (&lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt;, that the defendant had a &#8220;subjective awareness of the probable falsity&#8221; of the publication) in defamation suits. Three years later, in &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts&lt;/em&gt;, the Supreme Court extended the actual malice standard to include &#8220;public figures&#8221; (&lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;color: black&quot;&gt;a designation that is broader than &#8220;public &lt;/span&gt;officials&lt;span style=&quot;color: black&quot;&gt;&#8221; (politicians, celebrities, etc.) and includes either people involved in &#8220;high profile&#8221; conduct of public concern or people who engage in conduct which generates publicity within a narrow area of interest&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Public figures and public officials are held to a higher standard because, it is reasoned, they have exposed themselves to the risk of injury from defamation claims by assuming public roles and have a greater opportunity to publicly defend themselves. Therefore, they are less likely to be harmed by false statements than private individuals who generally lack that opportunity. Thus, the law affords greater protection to private individuals by not requiring proof of &#8220;actual malice.&#8221;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;By adding an &#8220;actual malice&#8221; element to certain individual&#8217;s defamation proofs, these two Supreme Court cases made it significantly more difficult for one deemed to be a &#8220;public official&#8221; or &#8220;public figure&#8221; to prove a defamation claim. Proving that a publication was not only false and harmful, but also that one was aware that the publication was false and published it anyway, is extremely difficult. So, under what circumstances will one be considered a &#8220;public official&#8221; or a &#8220;public figure&#8221;?&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Public Official &amp;amp; Public Figure Status&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The law defines a &#8220;public official&#8221; as one whose government role is of such importance that the public has an independent interest in his or her fitness for office beyond a general interest in the fitness of all government employees. A person who is running for or holds a public office is generally categorized as a &#8220;public official.&#8221; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Whether one qualifies as a &#8220;public figure&#8221; requires a fact-specific inquiry. &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;Hatfill v. New York Times&lt;/em&gt; reminds us that in today&#8217;s world of instant news and celebrity, average citizens can be converted into public figures in an instant.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;A &#8220;public figure&#8221; can be categorized as either an &#8220;all-purpose public figure&#8221; or a &#8220;limited-purpose public figure.&#8221; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;An &#8220;all purpose public figure&#8221; is one who has a continuous and powerful influence on public matters and is always subject to the &#8220;actual malice&#8221; standard. A &#8220;limited purpose public figure&#8221; is one who voluntarily thrusts himself or herself into a particular public controversy and is thereby deemed to be a public figure only for purposes of that controversy (&lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;e.g.&lt;/em&gt;, an anti-war activist would be considered a public figure only if the particular controversy is war). &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;To determine whether one is to be deemed a &#8220;limited purpose public figure,&#8221; courts look at whether the (1) person had access to channels of effective communication; (2) person voluntarily assumed a role of special prominence in a public controversy; (3) person sought to influence the resolution or outcome of a controversy; (4) controversy existed prior to the publication of the defamatory statement; and (5) person retained public-figure status at the time of the alleged defamation. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt; tab-stops: center 216.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Weighing Factors: When an Ordinary Citizen Becomes a &#8220;Limited Purpose Public Figure&#8221;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;When contemplating a defamation lawsuit, an individual should consider whether he or she could be categorized as a &#8220;limited purpose public figure.&#8221; A few things he or she should generally think about include: (1) the nature of the individual&#8217;s media presence, (2) the nature of the particular controversy, and (3) when the controversy arose in relation to the alleged defamation.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The nature of the individual&#8217;s media presence depends upon a variety of factors, including the ease at which one can command attention from the media and whether the individual had an opportunity to publicly refute the defamatory statement. In &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;Hatfill v. New York Times&lt;/em&gt;, the court supported its conclusion that Hatfill was a &#8220;public figure&#8221; with evidence that he was an expert in the field of bioterrorism and frequently appeared in the media to discuss his research in the field. Further, the court determined that Hatfill attempted to &#8220;influence the outcome of the controversy&#8221; by criticizing the government&#8217;s lack of preparation for a bioterrorist attack.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;The nature of the particular controversy depends on how narrowly or broadly the court reads the &#8220;particular controversy.&#8221; Hatfill argued that the particular public controversy in his case was: &#8220;Who committed the antrax attacks in 2001,&#8221; and that he never publicly participated in the resolution of that issue. The trial court disagreed, however, and adopted a broader context of the particular controversy&#8212;that of the threat of bio-terrorism in general.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Another important issue is to recognize when the particular controversy arose in relation to the republication of the alleged defamation. In order to be held to the higher standard, the controversy must exist prior to the publication, and the individual must qualify as a public figure at the time of the defamation. If the individual participates in the public controversy only &lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; the alleged defamation was published, he or she will not be held to the higher standard. Further, if the controversy develops &lt;u&gt;after&lt;/u&gt; the publication, then the private individual standard will apply. In &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;Hatfill&lt;/em&gt;, the court determined that the controversy over bioterrorism clearly existed prior to Kristof&#8217;s columns and that Hatfill commented on the controversy before the columns were printed. Thus, the public controversy existed at the time of the defamation and Hatfill retained &#8220;public figure&#8221; status at the time of the defamation.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Ordinary citizens who thrust themselves into the public realm of the news do so at the risk of being labeled a &#8220;public figure&#8221; and thereby limit their legal rights. Knowing your status before bringing a defamation claim can significantly help you determine whether filing a claim is in your best interest. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;This article is written to provide readers with a very general overview of &#8220;public figure&#8221; status and defamation claims. The information contained herein should not be construed as providing legal advice and should not be relied on for that purpose. If you have specific legal questions, the authors suggest seeking the advice of a qualified attorney.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoEndnoteText&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoEndnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoEndnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: #666666; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; Fernando M. Pinguelo, a partner and Chair of Norris McLaughlin &amp;amp; Marcus&#8217; Entertainment Law Group, has extensive experience in all facets of litigation in both the federal and state courts, and devotes his practice to electronic discovery, entertainment law, complex litigation, and employment matters.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;In the broadcasting sector, he represents Emmy Award-winning clients. Fernando also serves as a regular article contributor for the National Association of Television Arts and Sciences (New York Chapter), TVSpy, &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;Next Generation TV&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;Shop Talk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;He has published several articles and lectures on a variety of topics including copyright, contracts, entertainment, employment law, and information technology.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Fernando has appeared on television several times&amp;nbsp;as a legal commentator on various high-profile trials, and has been quoted in many newspapers and magazines, and on radio and television broadcasts regarding high-impact cases&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;he has handled.&amp;nbsp; He is an Adjunct Professor of Law at Seton Hall University School of Law and creator of eLessons Learned, an eDiscovery best practices blog.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Visit &lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ellblog.com/&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;www.eLLblog.com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; and learn more.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;normalweb&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoEndnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman'&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoEndnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8pt; color: #666666; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: 'Times New Roman'&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman'&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Melissa Szymansky is a student at Seton Hall University School of Law. She is the Vice President of Entertainment for SHU Law&#8217;s Entertainment and Sports Law Society, and is also a member of SHU Law&#8217;s Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law. Prior to attending law school, Melissa received her BS in film and television from Boston University College of Communication and interned for the E! Entertainment Network and &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:City w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Boston&lt;/st1:City&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&#8217;s CW56. Melissa interned for Sony BMG Music Entertainment this past summer. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;normalweb&quot; style=&quot;margin: auto 0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt; color: windowtext; font-family: 'Times New Roman'&quot;&gt;Fernando and Melissa welcome questions and/or feedback on any related issues and can be reached either by phone, (908) 722-0700, or via email, &lt;a href=&quot;&#109;&#97;&#105;&#108;&#116;&#111;&#58;&#102;&#109;&#112;&#64;&#110;&#109;&#109;&#108;&#97;&#119;&#46;&#99;&#111;&#109;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;fmp@nmmlaw.com&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;They invite you to visit the following website to learn more about similar topics: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nmmlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=view&amp;amp;id=140&amp;amp;Itemid=29&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; mso-ansi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;http://www.nmmlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=view&amp;amp;id=140&amp;amp;Itemid=29&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;6-Apr-09 8:00 PM
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			<itunes:subtitle>Are YOU a Public Figure? Defamation claims and how today&#8217;s world of instant celebrity can convert average citizens into public figures.</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>
Considered the worst act of bioterrorism in U.S. history, the 2001 anthrax mailings that followed the 9/11 attacks killed at least five individuals.  Since then, litigation and investigations surrounding the anthrax mailings has spawned and taken unexpected twists and turns over the past few months.  Bruce E. Ivans, the primary suspect in the anthrax investigation, committed suicide just before the Justice Department was about to file sweeping, but circumstantial, charges against him for his suspected role in the 2001 anthrax attack.  Before that, the Justice Department settled a Privacy Act suit brought by former army scientist Steven J. Hatfill, who worked with Ivans at Fort Detrick, for $4.6 million where Hatfill claimed the Justice Department ruined his career when it leaked information about him to the media during the anthrax investigation.  
  
And several months ago, a federal appeals court dismissed Hatfill&#8217;s lawsuit against the New York Times and its reporter, Nicholas Kristof, for defamation allegedly caused by a series of articles Kristof wrote about Hatfill&#8217;s status as a &#8220;person of interest&#8221; in the 2001 anthrax investigation. Hatfill&#8217;s lawsuit against the New York Times was among many litigated against the Justice Department and various media outlets before the investigation was declared &#8220;solved&#8221; by the FBI in August 2008.  
  
The appeals court&#8217;s decision to dismiss Hatfill&#8217;s lawsuit against the New York Times ultimately turned upon its determination that Hatfill was a &#8220;public figure&#8221;; and therefore he had to meet a heightened legal standard by proving &#8220;actual malice,&#8221; which the court found he could not do.  Hatfill&#8217;s designation as a &#8220;public figure&#8221; stands as a beacon to journalists and a warning to private citizens as to how fickle defamation suits can be; and how, in today's fast-paced media world, ordinary citizens who thrust themselves into the public realm of the news do so at the risk of diluting their legal rights.   
  
What follows is a general overview of Hatfill v. New York Times and the legal elements of a defamation suit, with a particular emphasis on the heightened standard required when one is deemed to be a &#8220;public figure.&#8221; 
  
Hatfill v. New York Times 
  
Hatfill&#8217;s designation as a &#8220;public figure&#8221; was supported, in part, by evidence of his career expertise and media presence even before the 2001 anthrax attacks took place. In 1996, Hatfill obtained a research fellowship from the National Institute of Health (NIH) where he developed a reputation within the scientific community as an expert in the field of bioterrorism and gave multiple public lectures on preparing the country in the event of a bioterrorist attack. Upon completing his fellowship, Hatfill continued his research at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases at Fort Detrick. Hatfill authored multiple articles discussing his career in bio-defense and occasionally offered his expertise to the public through televised interviews.  
  
On September 18, 2001 and October 9, 2001, an unidentified person mailed letters laced with anthrax to members of Congress and several news organizations. Within the first few weeks of its investigation into these attacks, the FBI considered Hatfill a &#8220;person of interest.&#8221; A televised search of Hatfill&#8217;s apartment and press coverage of the FBI&#8217;s investigation drew wide attention to Hatfill. During this time, Hatfill voluntarily met with reporters including Judith Miller of the New York Times, Tom Connelly and Ted Koppel of ABC News, and Jim Stewart and Mark Datov of CBS News to discuss the attacks.  
  
Seven months after the attacks, and with the FBI investigation on a &#8220;slow track,&#8221; Kristof authored a series of articles published in the New York Times criticizing the investigation. As one example of its shortcomings, Kristof noted the FBI&#8217;s failure to properly investigate a scientist (who Kristof referred to as &#8220;Mr. Z&#8221; in early reports) who the scientific community thought warranted investigation. On August 13, 2002, after Hatfill publicly denied any involvement in the anthrax attack, Kristof acknowledged in his column that Hatfill was the &#8220;Mr. Z&#8221; to whom he previously referred. 
  
Almost a year later, in federal court Hatfill filed suit on July 13, 2004 against Kristof and the New York Times for defamation. Hatfill argued that Kristof&#8217;s columns implied that he was the anthrax mailer and that Kristof wrote the columns to impute guilt to Hatfill in the minds of reasonable readers. On July 28, 2005, the trial court dismissed Hatfill&#8217;s action, concluding as matters of law that the columns did not suggest that Hatfill was guilty of the attacks and that the columns accurately reported questions raised in the investigation. An appeals court reversed the trial court&#8217;s dismissal and allowed Hatfill&#8217;s claims to proceed. 
  
After Hatfill was allowed access to information from Kristof and the New York Times in order to help support his claims, Kristof and the New York Times filed another motion seeking to dismiss the lawsuit, arguing that since Hatfill was a &#8220;public figure,&#8221; he had to meet a heightened standard and prove the &#8220;actual malice&#8221; element of a defamation claim (i.e., that Kristof knowingly published false statements), and that the evidence did not support such malice. The trial court agreed that the facts warranted that Hatfill be considered a &#8220;public figure,&#8221; and dismissed the case, declaring that there was no evidence that Kristof knew his statements were false, and therefore Hatfill could not prove &#8220;actual malice.&#8221; On appeal, Hatfill argued that he was not a &#8220;public figure&#8221;; but the appellate court disagreed and affirmed the trial court&#8217;s dismissal of Hatfill&#8217;s claims.  
  
The outcome of Hatfill&#8217;s lawsuit reminds journalists and private citizens alike of a fundamental issue in defamation claims brought by seemingly &#8220;average citizens&#8221;: Under what circumstances will an average citizen be deemed a &#8220;public figure&#8221;?  In Hatfill&#8217;s case, his expertise and media presence before and after the anthrax investigation vaulted him into the &#8220;public figure&#8221; category and limited his legal recourse. 
  
  
The Foundation of a Defamation Claim  
  
Defamation is the communication of (1) a false statement (2) of fact (3) about an individual, (4) to another, (5) which tends to harm the individual&#8217;s reputation. Some examples of defamatory statements include: statements accusing a person of committing a crime, of having a contagious disease, or of being unfit for his or her employment. Generally, individuals need only show that the published statements were both false and defamatory (i.e., tending to harm the individual&#8217;s reputation). 
  
In 1964, the Supreme Court in New York Times v. Sullivan explored defamation claims in the context of a public official and held that public officials were required also to prove actual malice (i.e., that the defendant had a &#8220;subjective awareness of the probable falsity&#8221; of the publication) in defamation suits. Three years later, in Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts, the Supreme Court extended the actual malice standard to include &#8220;public figures&#8221; (i.e., a designation that is broader than &#8220;public officials&#8221; (politicians, celebrities, etc.) and includes either people involved in &#8220;high profile&#8221; conduct of public concern or people who engage in conduct which generates publicity within a narrow area of interest). 
  
Public figures and public officials are held to a higher standard because, it is reasoned, they have exposed themselves to the risk of injury from defamation claims by assuming public roles and have a greater opportunity to publicly defend themselves. Therefore, they are less likely to be harmed by false statements than private individuals who generally lack that opportunity. Thus, the law affords greater protection to private individuals by not requiring proof of &#8220;actual malice.&#8221; 
  
By adding an &#8220;actual malice&#8221; element to certain individual&#8217;s defamation proofs, these two Supreme Court cases made it significantly more difficult for one deemed to be a &#8220;public official&#8221; or &#8220;public figure&#8221; to prove a defamation claim. Proving that a publication was not only false and harmful, but also that one was aware that the publication was false and published it anyway, is extremely difficult. So, under what circumstances will one be considered a &#8220;public official&#8221; or a &#8220;public figure&#8221;? 
  
Public Official &amp; Public Figure Status 
  
The law defines a &#8220;public official&#8221; as one whose government role is of such importance that the public has an independent interest in his or her fitness for office beyond a general interest in the fitness of all government employees. A person who is running for or holds a public office is generally categorized as a &#8220;public official.&#8221;  
  
Whether one qualifies as a &#8220;public figure&#8221; requires a fact-specific inquiry. Hatfill v. New York Times reminds us that in today&#8217;s world of instant news and celebrity, average citizens can be converted into public figures in an instant.  A &#8220;public figure&#8221; can be categorized as either an &#8220;all-purpose public figure&#8221; or a &#8220;limited-purpose public figure.&#8221;  
  
An &#8220;all purpose public figure&#8221; is one who has a continuous and powerful influence on public matters and is always subject to the &#8220;actual malice&#8221; standard. A &#8220;limited purpose public figure&#8221; is one who voluntarily thrusts himself or herself into a particular public controversy and is thereby deemed to be a public figure only for purposes of that controversy (e.g., an anti-war activist would be considered a public figure only if the particular controversy is war).  
  
To determine whether one is to be deemed a &#8220;limited purpose public figure,&#8221; courts look at whether the (1) person had access to channels of effective communication; (2) person voluntarily assumed a role of special prominence in a public controversy; (3) person sought to influence the resolution or outcome of a controversy; (4) controversy existed prior to the publication of the defamatory statement; and (5) person retained public-figure status at the time of the alleged defamation.  
  
Weighing Factors: When an Ordinary Citizen Becomes a &#8220;Limited Purpose Public Figure&#8221; 
  
When contemplating a defamation lawsuit, an individual should consider whether he or she could be categorized as a &#8220;limited purpose public figure.&#8221; A few things he or she should generally think about include: (1) the nature of the individual&#8217;s media presence, (2) the nature of the particular controversy, and (3) when the controversy arose in relation to the alleged defamation. 
  
The nature of the individual&#8217;s media presence depends upon a variety of factors, including the ease at which one can command attention from the media and whether the individual had an opportunity to publicly refute the defamatory statement. In Hatfill v. New York Times, the court supported its conclusion that Hatfill was a &#8220;public figure&#8221; with evidence that he was an expert in the field of bioterrorism and frequently appeared in the media to discuss his research in the field. Further, the court determined that Hatfill attempted to &#8220;influence the outcome of the controversy&#8221; by criticizing the government&#8217;s lack of preparation for a bioterrorist attack. 
  
The nature of the particular controversy depends on how narrowly or broadly the court reads the &#8220;particular controversy.&#8221; Hatfill argued that the particular public controversy in his case was: &#8220;Who committed the antrax attacks in 2001,&#8221; and that he never publicly participated in the resolution of that issue. The trial court disagreed, however, and adopted a broader context of the particular controversy&#8212;that of the threat of bio-terrorism in general.   
  
Another important issue is to recognize when the particular controversy arose in relation to the republication of the alleged defamation. In order to be held to the higher standard, the controversy must exist prior to the publication, and the individual must qualify as a public figure at the time of the defamation. If the individual participates in the public controversy only after the alleged defamation was published, he or she will not be held to the higher standard. Further, if the controversy develops after the publication, then the private individual standard will apply. In Hatfill, the court determined that the controversy over bioterrorism clearly existed prior to Kristof&#8217;s columns and that Hatfill commented on the controversy before the columns were printed. Thus, the public controversy existed at the time of the defamation and Hatfill retained &#8220;public figure&#8221; status at the time of the defamation. 
  
Lessons Learned 
  
Ordinary citizens who thrust themselves into the public realm of the news do so at the risk of being labeled a &#8220;public figure&#8221; and thereby limit their legal rights. Knowing your status before bringing a defamation claim can significantly help you determine whether filing a claim is in your best interest.  
  
This article is written to provide readers with a very general overview of &#8220;public figure&#8221; status and defamation claims. The information contained herein should not be construed as providing legal advice and should not be relied on for that purpose. If you have specific legal questions, the authors suggest seeking the advice of a qualified attorney. 
  
 
 
[1] Fernando M. Pinguelo, a partner and Chair of Norris McLaughlin &amp; Marcus&#8217; Entertainment Law Group, has extensive experience in all facets of litigation in both the federal and state courts, and devotes his practice to electronic discovery, entertainment law, complex litigation, and employment matters.  In the broadcasting sector, he represents Emmy Award-winning clients. Fernando also serves as a regular article contributor for the National Association of Television Arts and Sciences (New York Chapter), TVSpy, Next Generation TV, and Shop Talk. He has published several articles and lectures on a variety of topics including copyright, contracts, entertainment, employment law, and information technology.  Fernando has appeared on television several times as a legal commentator on various high-profile trials, and has been quoted in many newspapers and magazines, and on radio and television broadcasts regarding high-impact cases he has handled.  He is an Adjunct Professor of Law at Seton Hall University School of Law and creator of eLessons Learned, an eDiscovery best practices blog.  Visit www.eLLblog.com and learn more. 
[1]  Melissa Szymansky is a student at Seton Hall University School of Law. She is the Vice President of Entertainment for SHU Law&#8217;s Entertainment and Sports Law Society, and is also a member of SHU Law&#8217;s Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law. Prior to attending law school, Melissa received her BS in film and television from Boston University College of Communication and interned for the E! Entertainment Network and Boston&#8217;s CW56. Melissa interned for Sony BMG Music Entertainment this past summer.  
Fernando and Melissa welcome questions and/or feedback on any related issues and can be reached either by phone, (908) 722-0700, or via email, fmp@nmmlaw.com.  They invite you to visit the following website to learn more about similar topics: http://www.nmmlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=140&amp;Itemid=29 

  

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			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/36/</guid>
			<author>Fernando M. Pinguelo - noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Tue, 07 Apr 2009 01:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/27/</link>
			<title>Death Of The Noncompete For NY Broadcasters?</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 22pt&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;Death Of The Noncompete For NY Broadcasters? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;February 2009&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;By &lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nmmlaw.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;task=view&amp;amp;id=140&amp;amp;Itemid=60&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue&quot;&gt;Fernando M. Pinguelo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;, David T. Harmon, and Andrew D. Linden&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;For years, broadcast industry employees such as news anchors and radio disc jockeys saw their opportunities in the job market severely limited because their employment agreements contained noncompete clauses. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Upon the expiration or termination of the individual&#8217;s employment contract, a noncompete clause within that contract prevented employees from working for their former employer&#8217;s competitors or within their former employee&#8217;s market for a specified period of time. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Courts regularly enforced these noncompete clauses if their restrictions were reasonable in scope, duration and geographic range. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;In August 2008, however, &lt;st1:State w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;New York&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:State&gt; enacted the Broadcast Employees Freedom to Work Act (BEFWA), which prohibits broadcast industry employers from including certain noncompete clauses in employment contracts. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The statute&#8217;s enactment was due in part to successful lobbying by prominent entertainment labor unions including the American Federation of Television &amp;amp; Radio Artists (AFTRA).&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;AFTRA&#8217;s members testified at legislative committee hearings and sent hundreds of letters and emails in support of the statute to state legislators and New York Governor David A. Paterson. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The enactment of the BEFWA is a major victory for &lt;st1:State w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;New York&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:State&gt; broadcast employees because it vastly expands the job market for many of them. As a result, the number of broadcast industry employees leaving &lt;st1:State w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;New York&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:State&gt; in order to find work that did not violate their previous employment agreements will be reduced significantly. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;This is a win-win for broadcast industry employees who now have expanded job opportunities as well as &lt;st1:State w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;New York&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:State&gt; because it will keep jobs within its borders. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;It may appear that the only losers are the broadcast industry employers whose ability to restrict former employees&#8217; post-employment actions has been curtailed significantly. Employers, however, may also benefit because this should provide an increased pool of talent available for hire. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Here are three things employers and employees should know about the BEFWA: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;What Does It Say? &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The BEFWA states that a broadcast industry employer may not require as a condition of employment that a broadcast employee (or prospective employee) refrain from obtaining employment: in any specified geographic area, for a specific period of time, or with any particular employer or in any particular industry, following the conclusion of his or her employment with the broadcast industry employer. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;If a broadcast industry employer were to violate the BEFWA, it would be civilly liable for not only the broadcast employee&#8217;s damages, but also attorney&#8217;s fees and costs. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Moreover, the BEFWA expressly provides that its protections cannot be waived, and that any attempt to do so shall be null and void and unenforceable in court. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The BEFWA carves out the following exception to its general provisions: &#8220;[The BEFWA] shall not apply to preventing the enforcement of such a covenant during the term of an employment contract.&#8221; &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;This should be an obvious conclusion as any employer should have the right to enforce the breach of a restrictive covenant violated while the employee is working for that employer. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Therefore, noncompete agreements concerning an employee&#8217;s actions during the term of employment may still be enforceable (based upon the particular circumstances, such as when the employer is in breach of the employment contract). &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Other covenants limiting the post-employment rights of the broadcast employee are similarly unaffected. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Does BEFWA Concern Me or My Company? &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The BEFWA broadly defines &#8220;broadcast employee&#8221; as both &#8220;on-air&#8221; and &#8220;off-air&#8221; employees. Yet that term is not all-encompassing in that management employees do not constitute broadcast employees for the purposes of the statute. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Accordingly, noncompete agreements concerning management employees remain enforceable and are subject to the traditional &#8220;reasonableness&#8221; test. Similarly, independent contractors do not reap the benefits of the BEFWA. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;The statute&#8217;s definition of &#8220;broadcast industry employer&#8221; is expansive and includes TV stations or networks, radio stations or networks, cable stations or networks, Internet or satellite-based services similar to a broadcast station or network, any broadcast entity affiliated with the aforementioned employers, or any other entity providing broadcasting services such as news, weather, traffic, sports or entertainment reports or programming. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;What Lies Ahead? &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;As with any new law, the courts will be left with the challenge of interpreting the parameters of the BEFWA and how it applies. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;It will be no surprise to see the statute&#8217;s more ambiguous terms, such as &#8220;management employee&#8221; and &#8220;other entity providing broadcasting services,&#8221; as the basis for litigation when parties seek clarification of the meanings of those terms in order to determine whether the statute governs their conduct. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Additionally, broadcast industry employers may seek to hire independent contractors, rather than &#8220;broadcast industry employees,&#8221; in order to bypass the prohibitions of the BEFWA. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Finally, employers may &#8220;beef up&#8221; other lawful post-employment restrictions, such as rights of first refusal, non-solicitation, nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements, in an attempt to compensate for the loss of the ability to enforce post-employment noncompete provisions. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; color=&quot;#000000&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;These considerations demonstrate the significant impact the BEFWA is expected to have on &lt;st1:State w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;New York&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:State&gt;&#8217;s employment landscape within the broadcast industry. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;11-Feb-09 3:00 PM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Death Of The Noncompete For NY Broadcasters?</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>Death Of The Noncompete For NY Broadcasters?  
February 2009 
By Fernando M. Pinguelo, David T. Harmon, and Andrew D. Linden 
For years, broadcast industry employees such as news anchors and radio disc jockeys saw their opportunities in the job market severely limited because their employment agreements contained noncompete clauses.  
Upon the expiration or termination of the individual&#8217;s employment contract, a noncompete clause within that contract prevented employees from working for their former employer&#8217;s competitors or within their former employee&#8217;s market for a specified period of time.  
Courts regularly enforced these noncompete clauses if their restrictions were reasonable in scope, duration and geographic range.  
In August 2008, however, New York enacted the Broadcast Employees Freedom to Work Act (BEFWA), which prohibits broadcast industry employers from including certain noncompete clauses in employment contracts.  
The statute&#8217;s enactment was due in part to successful lobbying by prominent entertainment labor unions including the American Federation of Television &amp; Radio Artists (AFTRA).  AFTRA&#8217;s members testified at legislative committee hearings and sent hundreds of letters and emails in support of the statute to state legislators and New York Governor David A. Paterson.  
The enactment of the BEFWA is a major victory for New York broadcast employees because it vastly expands the job market for many of them. As a result, the number of broadcast industry employees leaving New York in order to find work that did not violate their previous employment agreements will be reduced significantly.  
This is a win-win for broadcast industry employees who now have expanded job opportunities as well as New York because it will keep jobs within its borders.  
It may appear that the only losers are the broadcast industry employers whose ability to restrict former employees&#8217; post-employment actions has been curtailed significantly. Employers, however, may also benefit because this should provide an increased pool of talent available for hire.  
Here are three things employers and employees should know about the BEFWA:  
What Does It Say?  
The BEFWA states that a broadcast industry employer may not require as a condition of employment that a broadcast employee (or prospective employee) refrain from obtaining employment: in any specified geographic area, for a specific period of time, or with any particular employer or in any particular industry, following the conclusion of his or her employment with the broadcast industry employer.  
If a broadcast industry employer were to violate the BEFWA, it would be civilly liable for not only the broadcast employee&#8217;s damages, but also attorney&#8217;s fees and costs.  
Moreover, the BEFWA expressly provides that its protections cannot be waived, and that any attempt to do so shall be null and void and unenforceable in court.  
The BEFWA carves out the following exception to its general provisions: &#8220;[The BEFWA] shall not apply to preventing the enforcement of such a covenant during the term of an employment contract.&#8221;  
This should be an obvious conclusion as any employer should have the right to enforce the breach of a restrictive covenant violated while the employee is working for that employer.  
Therefore, noncompete agreements concerning an employee&#8217;s actions during the term of employment may still be enforceable (based upon the particular circumstances, such as when the employer is in breach of the employment contract).  
Other covenants limiting the post-employment rights of the broadcast employee are similarly unaffected.  
Does BEFWA Concern Me or My Company?  
The BEFWA broadly defines &#8220;broadcast employee&#8221; as both &#8220;on-air&#8221; and &#8220;off-air&#8221; employees. Yet that term is not all-encompassing in that management employees do not constitute broadcast employees for the purposes of the statute.  
Accordingly, noncompete agreements concerning management employees remain enforceable and are subject to the traditional &#8220;reasonableness&#8221; test. Similarly, independent contractors do not reap the benefits of the BEFWA.  
The statute&#8217;s definition of &#8220;broadcast industry employer&#8221; is expansive and includes TV stations or networks, radio stations or networks, cable stations or networks, Internet or satellite-based services similar to a broadcast station or network, any broadcast entity affiliated with the aforementioned employers, or any other entity providing broadcasting services such as news, weather, traffic, sports or entertainment reports or programming.  
What Lies Ahead?  
As with any new law, the courts will be left with the challenge of interpreting the parameters of the BEFWA and how it applies.  
It will be no surprise to see the statute&#8217;s more ambiguous terms, such as &#8220;management employee&#8221; and &#8220;other entity providing broadcasting services,&#8221; as the basis for litigation when parties seek clarification of the meanings of those terms in order to determine whether the statute governs their conduct.  
Additionally, broadcast industry employers may seek to hire independent contractors, rather than &#8220;broadcast industry employees,&#8221; in order to bypass the prohibitions of the BEFWA.  
Finally, employers may &#8220;beef up&#8221; other lawful post-employment restrictions, such as rights of first refusal, non-solicitation, nondisclosure and confidentiality agreements, in an attempt to compensate for the loss of the ability to enforce post-employment noncompete provisions.  
These considerations demonstrate the significant impact the BEFWA is expected to have on New York&#8217;s employment landscape within the broadcast industry.  
</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/27/</guid>
			<author>Fernando Pinguelo - noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Wed, 11 Feb 2009 21:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/21/</link>
			<title>A REPORTER'S CONFIDENTIAL SOURCE . . . REVEALED?</title>
			<description>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;text121&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt&quot;&gt;By Fernando M. Pinguelo, Esq. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;border-left-color: #ffffff; border-bottom-color: #ffffff; width: 209px; border-top-color: #ffffff; height: 292px; border-right-color: #ffffff&quot; height=&quot;292&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/4/Pinguelo.JPG&quot; width=&quot;209&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot; filled=&quot;f&quot; path=&quot;m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe&quot; o:preferrelative=&quot;t&quot; o:spt=&quot;75&quot; coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot;&gt;&lt;v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:stroke&gt;&lt;v:formulas&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:formulas&gt;&lt;v:path o:connecttype=&quot;rect&quot; gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; o:extrusionok=&quot;f&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:path&gt;&lt;o:lock aspectratio=&quot;t&quot; v:ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:lock&gt;&lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; style=&quot;width: 0.75pt; height: 0.75pt&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;&lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Jackie\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif&quot; o:href=&quot;http://www.tvspy.com/images/spacer_1x1.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;The June 2007 sentencing of Lewis &#8220;Scooter&#8221; Libby who was convicted on federal charges of lying and obstructing an investigation into the Bush administration's actions leading into the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Iraq&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; war reminds us of how far reporters will go to protect their sources of information and the consequences of such confidentiality.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt; reporter Judith Miller's life changed dramatically on July 6, 2005 when a federal judge ordered her jailed for her continued refusal to give evidence in a grand jury investigation into the disclosure of the identity of a covert CIA operative.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;Miller&#8217;s imprisonment culminated from a series of events that began with President George W. Bush&#8217;s &lt;st1:date w:st=&quot;on&quot; year=&quot;2003&quot; day=&quot;28&quot; month=&quot;1&quot;&gt;January 28, 2003&lt;/st1:date&gt;, State of the Union address wherein it was revealed that British intelligence had learned that Saddam Hussein sought significant quantities of uranium from &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Africa&lt;/st1:place&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;The President&#8217;s statement, given at a time when an Iraqi invasion was looming, stirred public controversy.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;The most damaging report calling into question the accuracy of the President&#8217;s statement occurred on &lt;st1:date w:st=&quot;on&quot; year=&quot;2003&quot; day=&quot;6&quot; month=&quot;7&quot;&gt;July 6, 2003&lt;/st1:date&gt;, when former Ambassador Joseph Wilson&#8217;s op-ed piece in the&lt;em&gt; New York Times &lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;disclosed that his investigation found no credible evidence that &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Iraq&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; had been seeking to purchase uranium from &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Niger&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;A few days later, columnist Robert Novak&#8217;s &lt;em&gt;Chicago Sun-Times&lt;/em&gt; column revealed that two senior administration officials disclosed the circumstances surrounding &lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Wilson&lt;/st1:city&gt;&#8217;s 2002 investigation and the role &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Wilson&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&#8217;s wife, Valerie Plame, played in the assignment.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Novak referred to Plame as a CIA &#8220;operative on weapons of mass destruction.&#8221;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Thereafter, other media reports followed and reiterated Plame&#8217;s status in the CIA.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;By December 2003, an investigation ensued and a special prosecutor was appointed to determine whether government officials unlawfully disclosed the identity of a covert agent.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Grand jury subpoenas were served upon several reporters, including Miller.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Although &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN&quot;&gt;Miller did not write about Plame, she was reportedly in possession of evidence relevant to the investigation.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;Initially, the reporters refused to reveal their sources primarily on the grounds of First Amendment and federal common law privileges protecting communications from confidential sources.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;However, after a district court judge rejected the reporters&#8217; arguments, all but one lone reporter &#8211;Miller &#8211; ended their fight and succumbed to the rule of law.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Miller &#8211; who spent 85 days in jail &#8211; was eventually released after &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN&quot;&gt;speaking with &lt;a title=&quot;Lewis libby&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Libby&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none&quot;&gt;Lewis Libby&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; who reaffirmed an earlier release of confidentiality that he had given her.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN&quot;&gt;Miller &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;paid the ultimate price for her silence &#8211; imprisonment.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Her case presents two fundamental questions: (1) Under what circumstances can a reporter legally withhold the identity of a source? (2) Are reporters under an ethical obligation to explain to their sources that they may not be able to protect the information or their identity in certain circumstances? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;Reporters can generally safeguard their sources' anonymity without fear of compelled disclosure. However, once litigation is instituted, especially in the criminal context, the rules change.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Here's some information reporters need to know to protect not only their confidential news sources, but also their personal reputations. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;Competing Interests&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;For Confidentiality:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
From a reporter's perspective, confidential sources often provide access to crucial information necessary for the exposure of illegalities and other corruption in society. One need only glance back to the Watergate scandal, a story that has been in the forefront of media coverage again because of the revelation of the identity of &#8220;Deep Throat,&#8221; to appreciate these benefits. Protection against disclosure helps assure that knowledgeable yet reluctant sources of sensitive information will come forward and provide information to reporters without fear of retaliation or embarrassment. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;For Disclosure:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
From a legal public policy perspective, a source's identity can be of critical importance to a criminal investigation, especially at the grand jury stage, where prosecutors investigate whether a serious crime has been committed (as is the case in Miller&#8217;s situation).&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Or, from a criminal defense perspective, defendants have a right to confront their accusers.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Revelation of a source's identity also plays an important role in civil cases, in particular defamation lawsuits alleging the publication of false information. For public figures, a source&#8217;s identity may be even more critical to their defamation cases because of their heightened burden to not only prove falsity, but also malice.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;The Foundation of Reporter's &#8220;Privilege&#8221;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;The U.S. Supreme Court addressed the issue of a reporter's &quot;privilege&quot; in 1972. In &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;Branzburg v. Hayes&lt;/em&gt;, the Court held that the First Amendment did not give journalists the right to refuse to testify in a grand jury proceeding. With facts similar to the ones implicated in Miller&#8217;s case, the Supreme Court made it clear that it would not accept the premise that &#8220;the public interest in possible future news about crime from undisclosed, unverified sources must take precedence over the public interest in pursuing and prosecuting those crimes reported to the press by informants and thus deterring the commission of such crimes in the future.&#8221; However, the Supreme Court did acknowledge that newsgathering is not without protection and left it to the states and the federal courts to decide when newsgathering interests could reasonably support the reporter's claim of privilege. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;Despite repeated attempts, Congress has not enacted a law recognizing the reporter's privilege to date.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;However, the Senate Judiciary Committee has conducted hearings on the issue of proposed legislation that would afford some protection to journalists. While enactment of such a law is far from guaranteed, public outcry has again brought the issue to the forefront of debate. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;Notwithstanding limited federal protection, most state courts have recognized the existence of a qualified privilege in both the civil and criminal contexts. In fact, more than thirty states have gone so far as to enact &quot;Shield Laws,&quot; recognizing the important protection required by reporters. Each state&#8217;s protections vary, with some states protecting only the &quot;source,&quot; while others afford protection to both the source and the unpublished information. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;The Balancing &quot;Test&quot; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;In states where the reporter&#8217;s privilege is recognized, the privilege is usually not absolute, and various competing interests will be balanced when a court considers a reporter&#8217;s refusal to reveal the identity of his or her source. To tip the scale in favor of disclosure, this balance often includes a showing that: (1) the information is unavailable and cannot be obtained elsewhere; (2) the information is not cumulative and is &quot;of central importance&quot; to the case; and (3) the need for the information weighs in favor of disclosure. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;Be Sure to Assert It and Don't Waive It!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;When faced with a subpoena compelling disclosure, a reporter cannot simply turn a blind eye or refuse to cooperate. A few procedures must be followed to validly assert the privilege. They include (1) responding to the request and immediately invoking the privilege; (2) asserting that the information was revealed in confidence; and (3) asserting that the confidentiality is essential to the satisfactory maintenance of the relationship between the parties. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;In addition, it is crucial that a reporter not inadvertently waive the privilege. Waiver occurs when the reporter voluntarily discloses the information or acts in a way contrary to the purposes of the privilege. Waivers most frequently occur when reporters commence lawsuits alleging damage to their ability to use sources, or when reporters unwittingly use third parties as vehicles of communication with their sources. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;Don't Make Promises You Can't (or Won't) Keep&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;According to the Journalism Statement of Principles: &quot;Pledges of confidentiality to news sources must be honored at all costs, and therefore should not be given lightly.&quot; This principle reflects the ethical or moral obligation reporters often feel to protect certain information or a source's identity irrespective of the law. However, as we saw with Miller, pledges of confidentiality cannot always &lt;u&gt;legally&lt;/u&gt; be honored. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;Given the highly sensitive nature of the information, the reporter has an ethical obligation to explain the nature and consequences of the privilege to a source at the outset. In doing so, reporters are encouraged and well-advised to make any promises of confidentiality sparingly because a reporter's interest in protecting the identity of the source may, in fact, yield to the public interest in disclosure. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;Remember, it's &lt;u&gt;your&lt;/u&gt; reputation that's on the line. Knowing the parameters and pitfalls of the privilege can help you make the right call in any given situation. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;This article is written to provide readers with a very general overview of the reporter's privilege. The information contained herein should not be construed as providing legal advice and should not be relied on for that purpose. If you have specific legal questions, the author suggests seeking the advice of a qualified attorney.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; color: black; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt; &lt;br&gt;
&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1026&quot; style=&quot;width: 0.75pt; height: 0.75pt&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;&lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Jackie\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif&quot; o:href=&quot;http://www.tvspy.com/images/spacer_1x1.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;About the Author&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;normalweb&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;Fernando M. Pinguelo is a trial lawyer licensed to practice law in &lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;New York&lt;/st1:city&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;New Jersey&lt;/st1:state&gt; and &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Washington&lt;/st1:city&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;D.C.&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; He focuses his practice in the broadcasting sector, building off his ties to Emmy Award-winning clients. He also serves as a regular article contributor for the National Association of Television Arts and Sciences (New York Chapter), TVSpy, &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;Next Generation TV&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal&quot;&gt;Shop Talk&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;Fernando has published several articles and lectures on a variety of topics including copyright, contracts, entertainment, employment law, and information technology.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;He has appeared on television several times&amp;nbsp;as a legal commentator on various high-profile trials, and has been quoted in many newspapers and magazines, and on radio and television broadcasts regarding high-impact cases&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;he has handled.&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;normalweb&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial&quot;&gt;Fernando welcomes questions and/or feedback on any related issues and can be reached either by phone, (908) 722-0700, or via email, &lt;a href=&quot;&#109;&#97;&#105;&#108;&#116;&#111;&#58;&#102;&#109;&#112;&#64;&#110;&#109;&#109;&#108;&#97;&#119;&#46;&#99;&#111;&#109;&quot;&gt;fmp@nmmlaw.com&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;He invites you to visit his website to learn more about similar topics: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nmmlaw.com/attorneys/fmp.html&quot;&gt;http://www.nmmlaw.com/attorneys/fmp.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;23-Jul-07 5:00 PM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>A REPORTER'S CONFIDENTIAL SOURCE . . . REVEALED?</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>By Fernando M. Pinguelo, Esq. 
  
 

The June 2007 sentencing of Lewis &#8220;Scooter&#8221; Libby who was convicted on federal charges of lying and obstructing an investigation into the Bush administration's actions leading into the Iraq war reminds us of how far reporters will go to protect their sources of information and the consequences of such confidentiality. 
New York Times reporter Judith Miller's life changed dramatically on July 6, 2005 when a federal judge ordered her jailed for her continued refusal to give evidence in a grand jury investigation into the disclosure of the identity of a covert CIA operative.   
 
Miller&#8217;s imprisonment culminated from a series of events that began with President George W. Bush&#8217;s January 28, 2003, State of the Union address wherein it was revealed that British intelligence had learned that Saddam Hussein sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa.  The President&#8217;s statement, given at a time when an Iraqi invasion was looming, stirred public controversy.  The most damaging report calling into question the accuracy of the President&#8217;s statement occurred on July 6, 2003, when former Ambassador Joseph Wilson&#8217;s op-ed piece in the New York Times  disclosed that his investigation found no credible evidence that Iraq had been seeking to purchase uranium from Niger.  A few days later, columnist Robert Novak&#8217;s Chicago Sun-Times column revealed that two senior administration officials disclosed the circumstances surrounding Wilson&#8217;s 2002 investigation and the role Wilson&#8217;s wife, Valerie Plame, played in the assignment.  Novak referred to Plame as a CIA &#8220;operative on weapons of mass destruction.&#8221;  Thereafter, other media reports followed and reiterated Plame&#8217;s status in the CIA.   
 
By December 2003, an investigation ensued and a special prosecutor was appointed to determine whether government officials unlawfully disclosed the identity of a covert agent.  Grand jury subpoenas were served upon several reporters, including Miller.  Although Miller did not write about Plame, she was reportedly in possession of evidence relevant to the investigation.  Initially, the reporters refused to reveal their sources primarily on the grounds of First Amendment and federal common law privileges protecting communications from confidential sources.  However, after a district court judge rejected the reporters&#8217; arguments, all but one lone reporter &#8211;Miller &#8211; ended their fight and succumbed to the rule of law.  Miller &#8211; who spent 85 days in jail &#8211; was eventually released after speaking with Lewis Libby who reaffirmed an earlier release of confidentiality that he had given her.   
Miller paid the ultimate price for her silence &#8211; imprisonment.  Her case presents two fundamental questions: (1) Under what circumstances can a reporter legally withhold the identity of a source? (2) Are reporters under an ethical obligation to explain to their sources that they may not be able to protect the information or their identity in certain circumstances?  
Reporters can generally safeguard their sources' anonymity without fear of compelled disclosure. However, once litigation is instituted, especially in the criminal context, the rules change.  Here's some information reporters need to know to protect not only their confidential news sources, but also their personal reputations.  
Competing Interests  
For Confidentiality: 
From a reporter's perspective, confidential sources often provide access to crucial information necessary for the exposure of illegalities and other corruption in society. One need only glance back to the Watergate scandal, a story that has been in the forefront of media coverage again because of the revelation of the identity of &#8220;Deep Throat,&#8221; to appreciate these benefits. Protection against disclosure helps assure that knowledgeable yet reluctant sources of sensitive information will come forward and provide information to reporters without fear of retaliation or embarrassment.  
For Disclosure: 
From a legal public policy perspective, a source's identity can be of critical importance to a criminal investigation, especially at the grand jury stage, where prosecutors investigate whether a serious crime has been committed (as is the case in Miller&#8217;s situation).  Or, from a criminal defense perspective, defendants have a right to confront their accusers.  Revelation of a source's identity also plays an important role in civil cases, in particular defamation lawsuits alleging the publication of false information. For public figures, a source&#8217;s identity may be even more critical to their defamation cases because of their heightened burden to not only prove falsity, but also malice. 
The Foundation of Reporter's &#8220;Privilege&#8221;  
The U.S. Supreme Court addressed the issue of a reporter's &quot;privilege&quot; in 1972. In Branzburg v. Hayes, the Court held that the First Amendment did not give journalists the right to refuse to testify in a grand jury proceeding. With facts similar to the ones implicated in Miller&#8217;s case, the Supreme Court made it clear that it would not accept the premise that &#8220;the public interest in possible future news about crime from undisclosed, unverified sources must take precedence over the public interest in pursuing and prosecuting those crimes reported to the press by informants and thus deterring the commission of such crimes in the future.&#8221; However, the Supreme Court did acknowledge that newsgathering is not without protection and left it to the states and the federal courts to decide when newsgathering interests could reasonably support the reporter's claim of privilege.  
Despite repeated attempts, Congress has not enacted a law recognizing the reporter's privilege to date.  However, the Senate Judiciary Committee has conducted hearings on the issue of proposed legislation that would afford some protection to journalists. While enactment of such a law is far from guaranteed, public outcry has again brought the issue to the forefront of debate.  
Notwithstanding limited federal protection, most state courts have recognized the existence of a qualified privilege in both the civil and criminal contexts. In fact, more than thirty states have gone so far as to enact &quot;Shield Laws,&quot; recognizing the important protection required by reporters. Each state&#8217;s protections vary, with some states protecting only the &quot;source,&quot; while others afford protection to both the source and the unpublished information.  
The Balancing &quot;Test&quot;  
In states where the reporter&#8217;s privilege is recognized, the privilege is usually not absolute, and various competing interests will be balanced when a court considers a reporter&#8217;s refusal to reveal the identity of his or her source. To tip the scale in favor of disclosure, this balance often includes a showing that: (1) the information is unavailable and cannot be obtained elsewhere; (2) the information is not cumulative and is &quot;of central importance&quot; to the case; and (3) the need for the information weighs in favor of disclosure.  
Be Sure to Assert It and Don't Waive It!  
When faced with a subpoena compelling disclosure, a reporter cannot simply turn a blind eye or refuse to cooperate. A few procedures must be followed to validly assert the privilege. They include (1) responding to the request and immediately invoking the privilege; (2) asserting that the information was revealed in confidence; and (3) asserting that the confidentiality is essential to the satisfactory maintenance of the relationship between the parties.  
In addition, it is crucial that a reporter not inadvertently waive the privilege. Waiver occurs when the reporter voluntarily discloses the information or acts in a way contrary to the purposes of the privilege. Waivers most frequently occur when reporters commence lawsuits alleging damage to their ability to use sources, or when reporters unwittingly use third parties as vehicles of communication with their sources.  
Don't Make Promises You Can't (or Won't) Keep  
According to the Journalism Statement of Principles: &quot;Pledges of confidentiality to news sources must be honored at all costs, and therefore should not be given lightly.&quot; This principle reflects the ethical or moral obligation reporters often feel to protect certain information or a source's identity irrespective of the law. However, as we saw with Miller, pledges of confidentiality cannot always legally be honored.  
Given the highly sensitive nature of the information, the reporter has an ethical obligation to explain the nature and consequences of the privilege to a source at the outset. In doing so, reporters are encouraged and well-advised to make any promises of confidentiality sparingly because a reporter's interest in protecting the identity of the source may, in fact, yield to the public interest in disclosure.  
Remember, it's your reputation that's on the line. Knowing the parameters and pitfalls of the privilege can help you make the right call in any given situation.  
This article is written to provide readers with a very general overview of the reporter's privilege. The information contained herein should not be construed as providing legal advice and should not be relied on for that purpose. If you have specific legal questions, the author suggests seeking the advice of a qualified attorney.  
 
About the Author  
Fernando M. Pinguelo is a trial lawyer licensed to practice law in New York, New Jersey and Washington, D.C. He focuses his practice in the broadcasting sector, building off his ties to Emmy Award-winning clients. He also serves as a regular article contributor for the National Association of Television Arts and Sciences (New York Chapter), TVSpy, Next Generation TV, and Shop Talk. Fernando has published several articles and lectures on a variety of topics including copyright, contracts, entertainment, employment law, and information technology.  He has appeared on television several times as a legal commentator on various high-profile trials, and has been quoted in many newspapers and magazines, and on radio and television broadcasts regarding high-impact cases he has handled.   
Fernando welcomes questions and/or feedback on any related issues and can be reached either by phone, (908) 722-0700, or via email, fmp@nmmlaw.com.  He invites you to visit his website to learn more about similar topics: http://www.nmmlaw.com/attorneys/fmp.html 
</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/21/</guid>
			<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jul 2007 22:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/19/</link>
			<title>Gootopia - Living in a Targeted Society</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;Alethea Hokum sat quietly, barely breathing. Her glazed eyes showed
a faint reflection of the video monitor that had lulled her into
semi-consciousness. Startled and just a bit confused, she reached down
to silence her vibrating PDA. But something caught her eye. It was a
text message offering her an additional 15 percent off if she would
like her carpets cleaned this week. Of course the text message was just
a few seconds out of sync with the sponsorship message she had just
seen, but Alethea knew the offer was especially for her. It was an
offer she couldn&#8217;t refuse.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;She hit the pause button on her television, answered the text
message with a simple &quot;y&quot; and pressed send. Two clicks on her remote to
get back to the part of the show she missed and less than a minute
later, Alethea Hokum returned to her blissful world of personalized,
highly relevant media.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Across town, Verity Bunker, a stay-at-home mother of two, was taking
a much-needed retail therapy break. As she approached a digital sign at
the mall, the message changed to show a woman, with a physique quite
similar to her own, in a remarkably familiar setting. Verity could not
put her finger on it, but she knew that she had to visit this
particular store on this particular trip &#8212; what was it about that sign?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Welcome to Gootopia &#8212; a place where everything you do, everything
you interact with, every behavior you exhibit is analyzed, synthesized
and optimized to reflect a world that is most relevant to you. In this
targeted society, advertisers and marketers know absolutely everything
they could ever want to know about everyone. What they like, whom they
like, where they like to go and even more importantly, what everyone
doesn&#8217;t like. Gootopia may sound like a marketer&#8217;s paradise, but it is
perdition for almost everyone else.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Would you like to see one of the landmarks you must pass on the road
to Gootopia? Visit http://www.google.com/history where you can view and
manage your web activity, get the search results most relevant to you
and follow interesting trends in your web activity.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What?? Yes, you read it right. Just let Google completely analyze
your time online and they will reward you with some personal management
tools. What else will they do with the information?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I&#8217;m not Dr. Phil, but this sounds like a &quot;how to&quot; manual for
destroying even the best of relationships. &quot;Hi honey, here&#8217;s a complete
log of every website I&#8217;ve visited in the last 30 days and how much time
I&#8217;ve spent on them&#8230; let me see yours.&quot; Do you know a couple anywhere on
this planet whose relationship could survive that information exchange?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Forgetting the privacy issues (formidable as they are), let&#8217;s ask a
few business questions about the value of hyper-targeted media. Is it
really valuable? Certainly not on an individual basis.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Statisticians will tell you that, with the appropriate sample size
and mathematical tools, it is relatively easy to predict what a
population will do. However, it is absolutely impossible to predict
what any individual will do. As you well know, when it comes to your
personal decisions, past performance is rarely an indicator of future
performance. So, we can predict that tonight in Manhattan, 5,437
dinners will be served at restaurants that feature Mexican food, but we
can&#8217;t predict who will eat them.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Even if you could predict, with a reasonable margin of accuracy, who
would frequent these culinary establishments this evening, would it
help you market to them? What would you do differently? Would your
advanced knowledge of this particular behavior enable you to extract a
greater share of wallet from this hyper-targeted audience? Probably not.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is pretty reasonable to assume that people who walk into Mexican
restaurants are looking forward to eating Mexican food. Knowing who is
on their way won&#8217;t change much about the experience they have inside.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now, is there some information we could aggregate and analyze that
would allow us to put an idea into someone&#8217;s head that today would be a
great day to have a Mexican dinner? Couldn&#8217;t hyper-targeted marketing
help us do that?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Absolutely! Right up until the target&#8217;s social network helps them decide otherwise. It happens all the time.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Later that day, Alethea and Verity meet-up with two of their friends
at the Tennis Club. Verity says, &quot;&#8230; you know, I&#8217;ve been thinking about
Mexican food all day. Anyone want to join me?&quot; Three of the four women
agree but Alethea says, &quot;That sounds fine, but you know what? The best
Chinese restaurant in town is just a block away from here. Why don&#8217;t we
go there?&quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;So much for all of the day&#8217;s hyper-targeted Mexican food marketing
dollars, or &#8212; was it the fact that the Chinese food trade federation
outspent them and got Alethea, the thought leader, to influence the
group. Wow! Gootopia is going to be a strange place to live.&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;31-May-07 4:00 PM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Gootopia - Living in a Targeted Society</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>Alethea Hokum sat quietly, barely breathing. Her glazed eyes showed
a faint reflection of the video monitor that had lulled her into
semi-consciousness. Startled and just a bit confused, she reached down
to silence her vibrating PDA. But something caught her eye. It was a
text message offering her an additional 15 percent off if she would
like her carpets cleaned this week. Of course the text message was just
a few seconds out of sync with the sponsorship message she had just
seen, but Alethea knew the offer was especially for her. It was an
offer she couldn&#8217;t refuse. 
She hit the pause button on her television, answered the text
message with a simple &quot;y&quot; and pressed send. Two clicks on her remote to
get back to the part of the show she missed and less than a minute
later, Alethea Hokum returned to her blissful world of personalized,
highly relevant media. 
Across town, Verity Bunker, a stay-at-home mother of two, was taking
a much-needed retail therapy break. As she approached a digital sign at
the mall, the message changed to show a woman, with a physique quite
similar to her own, in a remarkably familiar setting. Verity could not
put her finger on it, but she knew that she had to visit this
particular store on this particular trip &#8212; what was it about that sign? 
Welcome to Gootopia &#8212; a place where everything you do, everything
you interact with, every behavior you exhibit is analyzed, synthesized
and optimized to reflect a world that is most relevant to you. In this
targeted society, advertisers and marketers know absolutely everything
they could ever want to know about everyone. What they like, whom they
like, where they like to go and even more importantly, what everyone
doesn&#8217;t like. Gootopia may sound like a marketer&#8217;s paradise, but it is
perdition for almost everyone else. 
Would you like to see one of the landmarks you must pass on the road
to Gootopia? Visit http://www.google.com/history where you can view and
manage your web activity, get the search results most relevant to you
and follow interesting trends in your web activity. 
What?? Yes, you read it right. Just let Google completely analyze
your time online and they will reward you with some personal management
tools. What else will they do with the information? 
I&#8217;m not Dr. Phil, but this sounds like a &quot;how to&quot; manual for
destroying even the best of relationships. &quot;Hi honey, here&#8217;s a complete
log of every website I&#8217;ve visited in the last 30 days and how much time
I&#8217;ve spent on them&#8230; let me see yours.&quot; Do you know a couple anywhere on
this planet whose relationship could survive that information exchange? 
Forgetting the privacy issues (formidable as they are), let&#8217;s ask a
few business questions about the value of hyper-targeted media. Is it
really valuable? Certainly not on an individual basis. 
Statisticians will tell you that, with the appropriate sample size
and mathematical tools, it is relatively easy to predict what a
population will do. However, it is absolutely impossible to predict
what any individual will do. As you well know, when it comes to your
personal decisions, past performance is rarely an indicator of future
performance. So, we can predict that tonight in Manhattan, 5,437
dinners will be served at restaurants that feature Mexican food, but we
can&#8217;t predict who will eat them. 
Even if you could predict, with a reasonable margin of accuracy, who
would frequent these culinary establishments this evening, would it
help you market to them? What would you do differently? Would your
advanced knowledge of this particular behavior enable you to extract a
greater share of wallet from this hyper-targeted audience? Probably not. 
It is pretty reasonable to assume that people who walk into Mexican
restaurants are looking forward to eating Mexican food. Knowing who is
on their way won&#8217;t change much about the experience they have inside. 
Now, is there some information we could aggregate and analyze that
would allow us to put an idea into someone&#8217;s head that today would be a
great day to have a Mexican dinner? Couldn&#8217;t hyper-targeted marketing
help us do that? 
Absolutely! Right up until the target&#8217;s social network helps them decide otherwise. It happens all the time. 
Later that day, Alethea and Verity meet-up with two of their friends
at the Tennis Club. Verity says, &quot;&#8230; you know, I&#8217;ve been thinking about
Mexican food all day. Anyone want to join me?&quot; Three of the four women
agree but Alethea says, &quot;That sounds fine, but you know what? The best
Chinese restaurant in town is just a block away from here. Why don&#8217;t we
go there?&quot; 
So much for all of the day&#8217;s hyper-targeted Mexican food marketing
dollars, or &#8212; was it the fact that the Chinese food trade federation
outspent them and got Alethea, the thought leader, to influence the
group. Wow! Gootopia is going to be a strange place to live.</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/19/</guid>
			<author>Shelly Palmer - noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 31 May 2007 21:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>Articles</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/14/</link>
			<title>Seeing The Future Through The Past</title>
			<description>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;     &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;By &lt;a href=&quot;mailto:info@shellypalmer.com&quot;&gt;     Shelly Palmer&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;     &lt;/font&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 400;&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Chairman, Advanced Media      Committee&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Verdana&quot;&gt;After the Wright brothers did their &amp;ldquo;proof of      concept&amp;rdquo; flight circa 1903, the fledging airline industry hit the road in      search of development capital. They brought their proposal to America&amp;rsquo;s      richest, most successful businessmen: the railroad barons. According to      legend, they were summarily dismissed. It seems the railroad tycoons didn&amp;rsquo;t      think much of the technology and felt it would never attain critical mass.     &lt;br&gt;     &lt;br&gt;     The most popular criticism of the railroad executives opines that they were      too stupid to recognize that they were the transportation business, not the      railroad business. And, more importantly, they should have recognized the      airplane as the new new thing. &lt;br&gt;     &lt;br&gt;     Anyone who lives in the present might look at this story see it as glaringly      irrelevant. We don&amp;rsquo;t really know what the railroad guys were thinking, the      story is oversimplified hearsay. And, it took 40 plus years for the airline      industry reign supreme &amp;ndash; an evolutionary time-scale by today&amp;rsquo;s standards.      And, while we&amp;rsquo;re at it, what is the analog to the airline&amp;rsquo;s role in our      industry. Surely not the Internet &amp;ndash; that bubble has burst! Broadband?      Ridiculous! WiFi? Keep dreaming. PVRs? Unlikely. So why tell the story at      all?&lt;br&gt;     &lt;br&gt;     Like all good history lessons, if we apply context, it can help us see the      future through the past. The moral of this folktale is: know what business      you&amp;rsquo;re in. In context, 1903 was a comparatively na&amp;iuml;ve time. Things moved      slower and &lt;em&gt;post hoc, ergo propter hoc &lt;/em&gt;(A Latin phrase traditionally      interpreted as &amp;quot;After this, therefore because of this.&amp;quot;) was reasonably      assumed by almost everyone about almost everything. That was then. &lt;br&gt;     &lt;br&gt;     Today, we move in Internet time and no one with half a brain would ever be      self-important enough to posit that anything, but the most simple events,      are causal. We live in an extraordinarily random universe with some version      of chaos theory impacting every business decision &amp;ndash; no matter how small. We      also live in a world where technologies evolve decades before societal,      cultural or business rules can catch up to them. And, unlike 1903, 2003      offers dozens (even hundreds) of new technologies competing for the title of      rightful heir to television&amp;rsquo;s legacy. Who will win? What will the future      look like? Where should you spend your time and resources?&lt;br&gt;     &lt;br&gt;     While there are an infinite number of paths that the future will not take,      there are far fewer probable paths. I don&amp;rsquo;t have &amp;ldquo;the&amp;rdquo; answer, but I can      offer a platform for your personal crystal ball to rest upon. &lt;br&gt;     &lt;br&gt;     We are coming to the age of mass personalization. Current technology enables      and empowers distributors of media to touch their consumers in many      different places in many different ways. &lt;br&gt;     &lt;br&gt;     What business are you in? Certainly not television, not broadcasting, not      cable and not satellite &amp;hellip; you are a distributor of media and your future      lies in millions of personal relationships that technology will enable you      to forge over the very near term.&lt;br&gt;     &lt;br&gt;     While your sales department is busy taking orders for traditional television      advertising, trained salespeople from other distributors of media are      actually selling non-traditional properties to your clients. Your clients      don&amp;rsquo;t talk about it that much because no one property is that important.      Right now, advanced media must be aggregated to be meaningful. There are      few, if any, business rules for buying and selling, but they will evolve as      needed. Advanced media is a dispassionate, self-regulating system.&lt;br&gt;     &lt;br&gt;     Can you see the future through the past? It&amp;rsquo;s like a hundred little      fledgling airline industries competing for critical mass. With the scatter      market in the basement and an Olympic and election year coming, who has time      to think about this? You must! Because like all good viral entities, by the      time this one hits your radar, it will be too late.&lt;br&gt;     &lt;br&gt;     &lt;br&gt;     -- Shelly Palmer is president of Palmer Advanced Media, a deep-knowledge      consulting practice specializing in transition advisement for brand      management and media companies.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;31-Aug-06 4:00 PM
</description>
			<itunes:subtitle>Seeing The Future Through The Past</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>By      Shelly Palmer      Chairman, Advanced Media      Committee
After the Wright brothers did their &quot;proof of      concept&quot; flight circa 1903, the fledging airline industry hit the road in      search of development capital. They brought their proposal to America's      richest, most successful businessmen: the railroad barons. According to      legend, they were summarily dismissed. It seems the railroad tycoons didn't      think much of the technology and felt it would never attain critical mass.                 The most popular criticism of the railroad executives opines that they were      too stupid to recognize that they were the transportation business, not the      railroad business. And, more importantly, they should have recognized the      airplane as the new new thing.             Anyone who lives in the present might look at this story see it as glaringly      irrelevant. We don't really know what the railroad guys were thinking, the      story is oversimplified hearsay. And, it took 40 plus years for the airline      industry reign supreme - an evolutionary time-scale by today's standards.      And, while we're at it, what is the analog to the airline's role in our      industry. Surely not the Internet - that bubble has burst! Broadband?      Ridiculous! WiFi? Keep dreaming. PVRs? Unlikely. So why tell the story at      all?            Like all good history lessons, if we apply context, it can help us see the      future through the past. The moral of this folktale is: know what business      you're in. In context, 1903 was a comparatively na&amp;iuml;ve time. Things moved      slower and post hoc, ergo propter hoc (A Latin phrase traditionally      interpreted as &quot;After this, therefore because of this.&quot;) was reasonably      assumed by almost everyone about almost everything. That was then.             Today, we move in Internet time and no one with half a brain would ever be      self-important enough to posit that anything, but the most simple events,      are causal. We live in an extraordinarily random universe with some version      of chaos theory impacting every business decision - no matter how small. We      also live in a world where technologies evolve decades before societal,      cultural or business rules can catch up to them. And, unlike 1903, 2003      offers dozens (even hundreds) of new technologies competing for the title of      rightful heir to television's legacy. Who will win? What will the future      look like? Where should you spend your time and resources?            While there are an infinite number of paths that the future will not take,      there are far fewer probable paths. I don't have &quot;the&quot; answer, but I can      offer a platform for your personal crystal ball to rest upon.             We are coming to the age of mass personalization. Current technology enables      and empowers distributors of media to touch their consumers in many      different places in many different ways.             What business are you in? Certainly not television, not broadcasting, not      cable and not satellite &amp;hellip; you are a distributor of media and your future      lies in millions of personal relationships that technology will enable you      to forge over the very near term.            While your sales department is busy taking orders for traditional television      advertising, trained salespeople from other distributors of media are      actually selling non-traditional properties to your clients. Your clients      don't talk about it that much because no one property is that important.      Right now, advanced media must be aggregated to be meaningful. There are      few, if any, business rules for buying and selling, but they will evolve as      needed. Advanced media is a dispassionate, self-regulating system.            Can you see the future through the past? It's like a hundred little      fledgling airline industries competing for critical mass. With the scatter      market in the basement and an Olympic and election year coming, who has time      to think about this? You must! Because like all good viral entities, by the      time this one hits your radar, it will be too late.                  -- Shelly Palmer is president of Palmer Advanced Media, a deep-knowledge      consulting practice specializing in transition advisement for brand      management and media companies.</itunes:summary>
<itunes:explicit>no</itunes:explicit>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/art/14/</guid>
			<pubDate>Thu, 31 Aug 2006 21:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>
			<category>Release</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/rel/10/</link>
			<title>55th New York Emmy Awards Nominations</title>
			<description>  	 		THE 55TH ANNUAL NEW YORK EMMY AWARD NOMINATIONS ANNOUNCED THIS MORNING! 	  		  	 		MSG Network Gets the Most Nominations with 57 	 		  	  		New York, NY - Thursday, February 16, 2012. The 55th Annual New York Emmy Award nominations took place this morning at the studios of CUNY-TV. Hostingthe announcement was Jacqueline Gonzalez, Executive Director, NY NATAS. Presenting the nominees were Emmy Award-winner N.J. Burkett, Correspondent, WABC-TV and President of NY NATAS; Emmy Award-winner Marvin Scott, Senior Correspondent, PIX11News at 10, and Anchor, PIX11News Closeup, WPIX-TV; Emmy Award-winnerElizabeth Hashagen, Anchor, News 12 Long Island; Emmy Award-winner Virginia Huie, Reporter, News 12 Long Island. 	  		  	 		Total Number of Nominated Entries 	 		  	 		 			 				 					 						  							MSG 					 					 						  							57 					 					 						  							 Neighborhood Journal 					 					 						 							2 					 				 				 					 						  							WNBC-TV 					 					 						  							50 					...
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/rel/10/</guid>
			<author>noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Fri, 17 Feb 2012 13:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Release</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/rel/9/</link>
			<title>54th Annual New York Emmy Awards</title>
			<description>  	 		  	 		THE NEW YORK CHAPTER OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES ANNOUNCES ITS 54TH ANNUAL NEW YORK EMMY AWARDS GALA TO BE HELD SUNDAY, APRIL 3, 2011 	 		  	  		New York, NY, April 1, 2011- The New York Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences proudly announces its 54th Annual New York Emmy Awards Gala will be held on Sunday, April 3, 2011 at the Marriott Marquis, Times Square. The New York Emmy Awards honor content created primarily for the New York region. In attendance will be over 800 of the top professionals representing all facets of media, including familiar faces from news, entertainment, sports, production and advertising. 	  		  	  		Ernie Anastos, Anchor of WNYW FOX 5's Fox 5 News at 10:00 p.m., will receive a special Emmy for Lifetime Achievement known as our prestigious GOVERNORS' AWARD for his outstanding contributions to television. Joan Lunden, Emmy Award-winning journalist and the longest-running host of early morning...
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/rel/9/</guid>
			<author>noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Sat, 02 Apr 2011 05:08:03 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Release</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/rel/7/</link>
			<title>New York Student Television Awards</title>
			<description>             MSG VARSITY AND THE NEW YORK CHAPTER OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION AND ARTS AND SCIENCES TO HONOR LOCAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS MSG Varsity V Awards to Celebrate Student-Produced Television Content BETHPAGE, N.Y., March 24, 2010 &#8211;&#8211; MSG Varsity and The New York Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NY NATAS) have teamed up to present the first-ever MSG Varsity V Awards. This award is designed to celebrate high school student achievement for the original content they produce for television and to foster the next generation of broadcast professionals.   Open for all high school students in Cablevision&#8217;s service area, MSG Varsity V awards will be awarded in nine categories &#8211; News, Sports, Arts &amp; Entertainment, Best Original Production, Sports &#8211; Full Game, Editing, Writing, Sports/News Reporter and Best Overall School Coverage. The Best Original Production category will be a viewer&#8217;s choice category &#8211;...
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/rel/7/</guid>
			<author>noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Wed, 24 Mar 2010 19:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Release</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/rel/6/</link>
			<title>2009 NY Emmy Awards Nominations</title>
			<description>THE 52nd ANNUAL NEW YORK EMMY&#174; AWARD NOMINATIONS ANNOUNCED THIS MORNING!   MSG Network Gets the Most Nominations With 45  New York, NY &#8211; Thursday, February 12, 2009. The 52nd Annual New York Emmy&#174; Award nominations took place this morning at the studios of CUNY-TV. Hosting the announcement was Jacqueline Gonzalez, Executive Director, NY NATAS. Presenting the nominees were Shelly Palmer, Host of MediaBytes and President of NY NATAS; Emmy&#174; Award winner Marvin Scott, Senior Correspondent, PIX News at 10 and Anchor, PIX News Closeup, WPIX-TV; Emmy&#174; Award winner Elizabeth Hashagen, Anchor, News 12 Long Island; and Emmy&#174; Award winner John Bathke, News Reporter and Host/Producer of On the Scene, News 12 New Jersey.    Total Number of Nominated Entries by Station:                         MSG                      &#8211; 45                      WGRZ-TV                      &#8211; 5                                NYC TV                      &#8211; 35                      CUNY TV       ...
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/rel/6/</guid>
			<author>noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 17:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Release</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/rel/2/</link>
			<title>COMPOSERS CAF to launch October 25th with Elliot Lawrence and Jamie Lawrence</title>
			<description>  On Thursday, October 25, 2007, The National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, New York Chapter and Local 802 AFM, Associated Musicians of Greater New York, will present the inaugural COMPOSERS CAF&#201;, a new series of programs featuring prominent composers presenting their life&#8217;s work through stories, playing their music, and video clips.  Launching this new series on October 25th will be Elliot Lawrence and his son Jamie Lawrence. The event will be moderated by John McDaniel.  Elliot Lawrence has been the Music Director of the Tony Awards show since its television inception. He was composer/conductor for the Oscar winning film Network and the opening sequence for The French Connection. He served as conductor and orchestrator for a host of fondly remembered original Broadway productions, among them Bye Bye Birdie, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (winning a Tony Award for music direction), The Apple Tree, Here's Love, Golden Rainbow, Golden Boy, and Sugar. He is...
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/rel/2/</guid>
			<author>noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 06 Sep 2007 19:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Release</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/rel/1/</link>
			<title>National Academy of Television Arts &#0038; Sciences, NY (The Emmy Awards) Elects New Officers</title>
			<description>Shelly Palmer, President -- Jane Hanson 1st VP -- Karen Scott 2nd VP   New York, NY, May 18, 2007 -- Shelly Palmer, host of Media 3.0 with Shelly Palmer was elected President of the National Academy of Television Arts &amp; Sciences, NY (the organization that bestows the Emmy&#174; Award) by a unanimous vote of its Board of Governors. Palmer succeeds past President, Jane Hanson. The new executive committee includes: President: Shelly Palmer, host of Media 3.0 with Shelly Palmer 1st Vice President: Jane Hanson, host of Jane's New York 2nd Vice President: Karen Scott, News Director, CW11 Secretary: Denise Rover, Account Manager, WNJU-TV/Telemundo 47 Treasurer: Chris Pizzurro, VP Digital Media, Turner Entertainment Sales The New York Chapter of The National Academy of Television Arts &amp; Sciences is dedicated to the advancement of the arts and sciences of television and media, and the promotion of creative leadership for artistic, educational and technical achievements within the television...
</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/rel/1/</guid>
			<author>noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Thu, 31 May 2007 21:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cms/34/</link>
			<title>Benefits</title>
			<description> 	The New York Chapter of The National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences  	   	WHY SHOULD I JOIN?  	If you are a professional actively engaged in the television industry and/or related media fields you are eligible to become a Professional member of NY NATAS.   	NY NATAS members recently enjoyed invitations to exclusive events, valuable networking opportunities and a wide variety of exciting discounts. This year alone we have hosted over 100 events for our members. Please take a look at the list below to review the numerous social and professional benefits that come with being a member of NY NATAS.   	Not a member? Join Today!   	  		Qualify for exclusive discounts at select locations across New York City. 	  		Discounts of $100.00 off each NY EMMY Award entry! 	  		Have you ever wanted to see a movie before it was released? Well as a NY NATAS member you have that opportunity! This year we offered FREE advanced film screenings for several films including: Black Swan, The...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cms/34/</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 16 May 2012 14:26:54 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/special-offer-from-the-setai/</link>
			<title>Special Offer from The Setai Fifth Avenue Hotel and Auriga Spa</title>
			<description>  	 		 			 				 					 						 							 								 									 								 									 										 											 												 													 														LET AURIGA GIVE YOUR SKIN  														A SPRING AWAKENING 												 											 										 									 								 							 						 					 				 			 			 				 					 			 			 				 					 						Now is the time to prepare your skin to look and feel it's best for spring and summer. Many of our clients have selected the following treatments as their favorites this time of year.  					 						As a member of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, you may schedule any treatment before May 31st for services performed by June 30th and receive 25% off when you present your black membership card at time of payment.*  					 						Please call: 877-676-4536 and mention your membership.  				 			 			 				 					 			 			 				 					 						SLIMMING: GREEN COFFEE BODY SCULPTING  						$190 less 25% 				 			 			 				 					 						A duo massage treatment using...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/special-offer-from-the-setai/</guid>
			<pubDate>Mon, 14 May 2012 20:46:37 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/jacqueline/</link>
			<title></title>
			<description> 	A Message from the Executive Director, Jacqueline J. Gonzalez  	    	The New York Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences has a prestigious history of inspiring creativity and recognizing excellence in television for over 55 years. Our industry evolves daily, adapting to the changing media environment. iPads and smart phones allow our audiences to be mobile. These new devices usher in a new era in communication and television is right in the center of all the action.   	  	   	While we hold our past in high esteem, we look forward to the future of broadcasting with advancing technology. Today, and for the last five Emmy seasons, we celebrate excellence in television regardless of the delivery platform. We accept entries in advanced media, honoring original content created for non-traditional platforms, recognizing outstanding achievement in television the art form - not television the platform.   	  	   	Winning an Emmy Award is the culmination of hard work,...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/jacqueline/</guid>
			<pubDate>Mon, 14 May 2012 00:54:36 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/the-2012-ny-emmy-awards/</link>
			<title>The 2012 New York Emmy Awards</title>
			<description>  	 		  			 				Our 55th Annual New York EmmyAwards Gala was held on Sunday, April 1, 2012, at the Marriott Marquis Times Square.  			  				  			 				 			 				The WNJU Telemundo 47 News Team accepting their award for  			 				Best Evening Newscast Under 35 Minutes. 			 				  			 				CONGRATULATIONS TO OUR WINNERS! 			 				  			 				 The 2012 New York Emmy Awards were held on Sunday, April 1, 2012. The black-tie gala began with an exciting reception where nominees enjoyed cocktails and conversation. Mayor Bloomberg, received a special Emmy known as our prestigious GOVERNORS' AWARD for his outstanding contributions to advance television in New York City. Charlie Rose, Emmy Award-winning journalist and co-anchor of CBS This Morning, presented the Award. 			 				  			 				  					PHOTO ALBUMS 			 			 				  					  				  					 Emmy Statuette Order Form 				  					  				  					55th Annual New York Emmy Awards DVD Order Form 				  					  			 			  				 			 			 				The 2012 New York Emmy...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/the-2012-ny-emmy-awards/</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 09 May 2012 15:19:27 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cms/84/</link>
			<title></title>
			<description>  	 		 			Our 55th Annual New York Emmy Awards Gala was held on Sunday, April 1, 2012, at the Marriott Marquis Times Square. 		  			  		 			CONGRATULATIONS TO OUR WINNERS! 		 			  		 			 The 2012 New York Emmy Awards were held on Sunday, April 1, 2012. The black-tie gala began with an exciting reception where nominees enjoyed cocktails and conversation. Mayor Bloomberg, received a special Emmy known as our prestigious GOVERNORS' AWARD for his outstanding contributions to advance television in New York City. Charlie Rose, Emmy Award-winning journalist and co-anchor of CBS This Morning, presented the Award. 		 			  				  			  				PHOTO ALBUMS 			  				  			  				Emmy Statuette Order Form 			  				  			  				55th Annual New York Emmy Awards DVD Order Form 			  				  		 		 		 			The 55th Annual New York Emmy Awards Nominees&#39; Cocktail Party was held on Tuesday, March 20, 2012! 		 			 	    	 		 			Dr. Max Gomez, Jacqueline Gonzalez, Colleen Zenk and Teala Dunn 		 			  		 			Special...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cms/84/</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 09 May 2012 14:04:30 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cms/41/</link>
			<title>Downloadable Forms</title>
			<description>&lt;p&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Click on the links below to download an order form:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/files/89/NYEmmyOrderForm.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Emmy Statuette Order Form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/attachments/files/203/NYEmmyOrderForm_Duplicate.pdf&quot;&gt;Commemorative&amp;nbsp;(Station Copy)&amp;nbsp;Statuette Order Form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;NEW!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/5423/2012 DVD Order Form.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;55th New York Emmy Awards DVD Order Form&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/files/90/NominationCertificateOrderForm1375.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Nomination Certificate Order Form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/4292/ProductionCertificateOrderForm.pdf&quot;&gt;Production (for Emmy&amp;reg; winners) Certificate Order Form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/attachments/files/202/Nomination%20Plaque%20Order%20Form.pdf&quot;&gt;Nomination Plaque Order Form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/attachments/files/202/Nomination%20Plaque%20Order%20Form.pdf&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;
		&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(75, 0, 130);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/attachments/wysiwyg/4292/WinnerPlaqueOrderForm.pdf&quot;&gt;Winner&#39;s Plaque Order Form&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
		&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;br&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&amp;copy; NY NATAS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;


</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cms/41/</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 09 May 2012 13:53:19 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cms/65/</link>
			<title>The NY Emmy Awards Nominees</title>
			<description> 	 		 			 				  					 1st Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 26th Annual New York Emmy Awards  			 		 		 			 				  					 2nd Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 27th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 3rd Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 28th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 4th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 29th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 5th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 30th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 6th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 31st Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 7th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 32nd Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 8th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 33rd Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 9th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 34th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cms/65/</guid>
			<pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2012 17:05:04 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cms/64/</link>
			<title>The NY Emmy Awards Winners</title>
			<description> 	   	 		 			 				  					 1st Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 26th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 2nd Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 27th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 3rd Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 28th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 4th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 29th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 5th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 30th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 6th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 31st Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 7th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 32nd Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 8th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 33rd Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 		 		 			 				  					 9th Annual New York Emmy Awards 			 			 				  					 34th Annual New York Emmy Awards...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cms/64/</guid>
			<pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2012 17:04:06 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cms/992/</link>
			<title>Partners in Kind</title>
			<description> 	Our Partners in Kind graciously donate products or services that contribute to the success of our annual New York Emmy Awards gala.   	Product Placement: Gift Bags  	   	    	We have TWO levels:  	*50 VIP/Presenter Gift Bags  	*1,000 Guest Gift Bags for all attendees   	    	Audience: 1,000 television and media professionals including many familiar faces of entertainment and broadcast news, the industry's top production people...;the best and brightest in the business. These are the most important individuals in New York media.  	  	Presenters/VIP: from the world of entertainment, news, sports, and politics to salute the outstanding accomplishments of their peers.  	  	Co-Branding Opportunity: The Emmy is the preeminent Award that recognizes achievement in the professional television industry. Early each Spring The National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences ~ New York ~ confers the industry's classic and most coveted peer-recognition symbol of distinction, the Emmy for talent...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/cms/992/</guid>
			<pubDate>Wed, 18 Apr 2012 18:56:00 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Content Managers</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/setai/</link>
			<title>The Setai Fifth Avenue</title>
			<description>  	 		 			 				 					 						 							 								 									 							 							 								 									 									 										Designated as  										The Official Sponsor  										of the 2012 Emmy Nominees  										Cocktail Party  									 										  								 							 						 					 				 				 					 						 							 								 									 							 							 								 									 										400 Fifth Avenue | 1.212.695.4005 | http://www.setaififthavenue.com/midtown-manhattan-packages/  								 							 							 								 									 							 							 								 									 										We would like to extend a special invitation to indulge in utter luxury in a sprawling suite at The Setai Fifth Avenue, a Capella Managed Hotel.  									 										Each Avenue Apartment Suite is exquisitely appointed with understated elegance. Duxiana beds draped in Pratesi linens, Luce di Luna marble baths with glass enclosed rain showers and Zuma soaking tubs, complimentary WiFi, and the benefit of your own Personal Assistant permit you...

</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/setai/</guid>
			<pubDate>Mon, 26 Mar 2012 18:38:31 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>
		<item>
			<category>Survey</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/sur/?1</link>
			<title>Lorem ipsum survey</title>
			<description>Objectives: &lt;p&gt;Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diem nonummynibh euismod tincidunt ut lacreet dolore magna aliguam erat volutpat. Ut wisis enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tution ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis te feugifacilisi. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Duis autem dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit au gue duis dolore te feugat nulla facilisi. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci taion ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex en commodo consequat. Duis te feugifacilisi per suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex en commodo consequat.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diem nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut lacreet dolore magna aliguam erat volutpat. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ut wisis enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Release Date: 22-Feb-06 3:13 PM&lt;br&gt;Expiration Date: 22-May-06 3:13 PM&lt;br&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diem nonummynibh euismod tincidunt ut lacreet dolore magna aliguam erat volutpat. Ut wisis enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tution ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis te feugifacilisi. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Duis autem dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit au gue duis dolore te feugat nulla facilisi. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci taion ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex en commodo consequat. Duis te feugifacilisi per suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex en commodo consequat.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diem nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut lacreet dolore magna aliguam erat volutpat. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Ut wisis enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci</description>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/sur/?1</guid>
			<author>noemail@nyemmys.org</author>
			<pubDate>Wed, 22 Feb 2006 21:13:03 GMT</pubDate>
</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4387/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4387/DSC0676 (Small)-t.JPG"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4387/DSC0676 (Small).JPG"/>
			<title>DSC0676 (Small)</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4387/DSC0676 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4387/DSC0676 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>DSC0676 (Small)</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by Lauren Loverde.</itunes:summary>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4387/</guid>
			<pubDate>Sun, 20 May 2012 07:42:18 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4386/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4386/DSC0674 (Small)-t.JPG"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4386/DSC0674 (Small).JPG"/>
			<title>DSC0674 (Small)</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4386/DSC0674 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4386/DSC0674 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>DSC0674 (Small)</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by Lauren Loverde.</itunes:summary>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4386/</guid>
			<pubDate>Sun, 20 May 2012 07:42:18 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4385/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4385/DSC0673 (Small)-t.JPG"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4385/DSC0673 (Small).JPG"/>
			<title>DSC0673 (Small)</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4385/DSC0673 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4385/DSC0673 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>DSC0673 (Small)</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by Lauren Loverde.</itunes:summary>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4385/</guid>
			<pubDate>Sun, 20 May 2012 07:42:18 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4384/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4384/DSC0672 (Small)-t.JPG"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4384/DSC0672 (Small).JPG"/>
			<title>DSC0672 (Small)</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4384/DSC0672 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4384/DSC0672 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>DSC0672 (Small)</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by Lauren Loverde.</itunes:summary>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4384/</guid>
			<pubDate>Sun, 20 May 2012 07:42:18 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4383/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4383/DSC0670 (Small)-t.JPG"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4383/DSC0670 (Small).JPG"/>
			<title>DSC0670 (Small)</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4383/DSC0670 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4383/DSC0670 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>DSC0670 (Small)</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by Lauren Loverde.</itunes:summary>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4383/</guid>
			<pubDate>Sun, 20 May 2012 07:42:18 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4382/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4382/DSC0664 (Small)-t.JPG"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4382/DSC0664 (Small).JPG"/>
			<title>DSC0664 (Small)</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4382/DSC0664 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4382/DSC0664 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>DSC0664 (Small)</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by Lauren Loverde.</itunes:summary>
			<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4382/</guid>
			<pubDate>Sun, 20 May 2012 07:42:18 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4381/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4381/DSC0663 (Small)-t.JPG"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4381/DSC0663 (Small).JPG"/>
			<title>DSC0663 (Small)</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4381/DSC0663 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4381/DSC0663 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>DSC0663 (Small)</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by Lauren Loverde.</itunes:summary>
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			<pubDate>Sun, 20 May 2012 07:42:18 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4380/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4380/DSC0662 (Small)-t.JPG"/>
			 <media:content url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4380/DSC0662 (Small).JPG"/>
			<title>DSC0662 (Small)</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4380/DSC0662 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4380/DSC0662 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>DSC0662 (Small)</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by Lauren Loverde.</itunes:summary>
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			<pubDate>Sun, 20 May 2012 07:42:18 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4379/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4379/DSC0661 (Small)-t.JPG"/>
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			<title>DSC0661 (Small)</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4379/DSC0661 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4379/DSC0661 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</media:description>
			<itunes:subtitle>DSC0661 (Small)</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by Lauren Loverde.</itunes:summary>
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			<pubDate>Sun, 20 May 2012 07:42:18 GMT</pubDate>
		</item>

		<item>

			<category>photos</category>
			<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/photos/v/4378/</link>
			<media:thumbnail url="http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4378/DSC0659 (Small)-t.JPG"/>
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			<title>DSC0659 (Small)</title>
			<description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4378/DSC0659 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
</description>
			<media:description>&lt;img src =&quot;http://www.nyemmys.org/tpeople/wwwNYemmys4.1/laurenloverde/photos/4378/DSC0659 (Small)-m.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;File uploaded by Lauren Loverde. 
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
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			<itunes:subtitle>DSC0659 (Small)</itunes:subtitle>
			<itunes:summary>File uploaded by Lauren Loverde.</itunes:summary>
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			<pubDate>Sun, 20 May 2012 07:42:18 GMT</pubDate>
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<item>
<title>Lorem ipsum</title>
<category>Courses</category>
<link>http://www.nyemmys.org/en/courses/view.asp?courseid=1</link>
<description><![CDATA[Instructor: Fraley<br><br>

Lorem ipsum<br>
]]></description>
<dc:subject>Course</dc:subject>
<dc:date>2006-02-22T21:13:03Z</dc:date>
</item>

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